English uses separate small words: and, also, or, too, even, only, itself, everything. English speakers expect separate Malayalam words in the same places, and they put them in the English position, before the word: "also Amma", "only you". In Malayalam, most of these little meanings are tiny tails stuck on the END of a word, or short words that come AFTER it. In this episode: • -um: and, also, too • -o: or, and "some-" • Thanne: itself, exactly, really • Polum and maathram: even and only • Okke: and all, everything • Calling, agreeing and tags: -ae, alle, athe, ketto • Language bridge • Practice • Self-check questions with answers Key phrases from this episode: ഞാനും (njaanum) = me too ഞാനും വരാം (njaanum varaam) = I'll come too അമ്മയും അച്ഛനും (ammayum achanum) = Amma and Achan ചായയും പലഹാരവും (chaayayum palahaaravum) = tea and snacks അവനും വന്നില്ല (avanum vannilla) = he didn't come either ആരും വന്നില്ല (aarum vannilla) = nobody came എനിക്ക് ഒന്നും വേണ്ട (enikku onnum venda) = I don't want anything ചായയോ കാപ്പിയോ? (chaayayo kaappiyo?) = tea or coffee? ഇന്നോ നാളെയോ (inno naaleyo) = today or tomorrow ആരോ വന്നു (aaro vannu) = someone came എന്തോ (entho) = something എവിടെയോ (evideyo) = somewhere ഞാൻ തന്നെ ചെയ്തു (njaan thanne cheythu) = I did it myself ഇത് തന്നെ (ithu thanne) = this very one, exactly this ഇന്ന് തന്നെ (innu thanne) = today itself, this very day ശരി തന്നെ (shari thanne) = that's true indeed പോലും (polum) = even. It goes after the word it stresses. Learn Spoken Malayalam at Home: a complete course in everyday spoken Malayalam for English speakers. Native Malayalam pronunciation, every phrase in Malayalam script, Manglish and English, plus a language bridge comparing Malayalam with other world languages. Listen, repeat out loud, then take the 52-question quiz. Audio voiced with AI from an original script by Dr. Rashmi R Nair.