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The Quotative എന്ന് — Saying, Thinking, Naming and Hearsay in Malayalam | Learn Malayalam #63
描述
One small word does at least six jobs that English 'that' cannot, and almost no beginner course teaches it properly.
എന്ന് is a closing bracket: the quoted words come first, unchanged, and a verb of saying, thinking, hearing, knowing, naming or asking follows. There is no backshift and no pronoun surgery. The class works through all six jobs, explains the evidential strategy of 'apparently', compares Japanese, Korean and Turkish, and covers the two mistakes everyone makes.
Words and phrases in this class:
അവൻ വരും എന്ന് പറഞ്ഞു (avan varum ennu paranju) – he said he will come
നീ വരുമോ എന്ന് ചോദിച്ചു (nee varumo ennu chodichu) – he asked whether you would come
മഴ പെയ്യും എന്ന് വിചാരിക്കുന്നു (mazha peyyum ennu vichaarikkunnu) – I think it will rain
അവൻ നല്ല ആളാണ് എന്ന് തോന്നുന്നു (avan nalla aalaanu ennu thonnunnu) – he seems to be a good person
എന്റെ പേര് മീര എന്നാണ് (ente peru meera ennaanu) – my name is Meera
അവൾ പോയി എന്ന് കേട്ടു (aval poyi ennu kettu) – I heard she left
അവൻ പോയി എന്നാണ് (avan poyi ennaanu) – apparently he left
വിചാരിക്കുക (vichaarikkuka) – to think
കരുതുക (karuthuka) – to reckon, assume
തോന്നുക (thonnuka) – to feel, seem
വിളിക്കുക (vilikkuka) – to call, name
In this class:
• The closing-bracket rule, and why nothing inside the quote changes
• Six jobs: saying, asking, thinking, naming, hearsay and reason
• Evidentiality: how എന്നാണ് means 'don't hold me to it'
• The two common mistakes, and a one-line test for when you need എന്ന്
Quizzes below.
Dr. Reshmi R Nair — SpeakMalayalam.
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