1. We usually use "join" with a noun, so you could say "I joined the event" OR we use the phrasal verb "join in", so you could say "I joined in and played golf."
OR we can say "I took part and played golf." OR "I took part in the event and played golf."
Two other things: saying "and played golf" is bit redundant as it's a golf event, and in my opinion "participated" is too formal and sounds unnatural, and I think it would be enough to simply say "I took part."
2. Yes, you could say "No so often."
3. I think "Not very often." is more common