There are some special expressions in any language related to time. In Russian, they have different grammatical forms comparing with English and other languages. This article introduces some of these expressions separated in several groups that vary by their meaning and grammatical form. You will learn how to express correctly the time in Russian!
1. Specific days
Grammatically, these words are adverbs formed from nouns.
Vocabulary:
- ĐČŃĐ”Ńа / yesterday.
- ĐżĐŸĐ·Đ°ĐČŃĐ”Ńа / the day before yesterday.
- ŃĐ”ĐłĐŸĐŽĐœŃ / today.
- заĐČŃŃа / tomorrow.
- ĐżĐŸŃлДзаĐČŃŃа / the day after tomorrow.
Here are some example sentences below:
- ĐŃĐ”Ńа бŃĐ» ŃŃĐŽĐ”ŃĐœŃĐč ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃ. / Yesterday was a great day.
- ĐŻ Ń ĐŸŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐłŃĐ»ŃŃŃ ĐżĐŸ ĐłĐŸŃĐŸĐŽŃ ŃĐ”ĐłĐŸĐŽĐœŃ. / I want to walk around the city today.
- ĐаĐČŃŃа Ń ĐżĐŸĐ”ĐŽŃ ĐœĐ° ŃĐșŃĐșŃŃŃĐžŃ. / Tomorrow I will go on excursion.
Some particular dates are usually expressed by ordinal numerals with genitive case. For example:
- ĐŃŃĐŸĐłĐŸ аĐČĐłŃŃŃа бŃĐŽĐ”Ń ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃ ĐœĐ°ŃĐ”Đč ŃĐČаЎŃбŃ. / Our wedding day will be on the 5th of August.
2. Parts of the day
Parts of the day are expressed by invariable adverbs which initially were nouns. They go without any preposition in the sentence and can be both at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
Vocabulary:
- ŃŃŃĐŸĐŒ / in the morning.
- ĐŽĐœŃĐŒ / in the afternoon.
- ĐČĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐŒ / in the evening.
Example sentences:
- ĐŁŃŃĐŸĐŒ Ń ĐČŃŃĐ°Ń ŃĐ°ĐœĐŸ Đž ĐżŃĐžĐœĐžĐŒĐ°Ń ĐŽŃŃ. / I get up early and take a shower in the morning.
- ĐĐœŃĐŒ Ń ĐœĐ° ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐ”. / I am at work in the afternoon.
ĐŻ ĐżŃĐžŃ ĐŸĐ¶Ń ĐŽĐŸĐŒĐŸĐč Đž ŃĐ¶ĐžĐœĐ°Ń ĐČĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐŒ. / I come back home and have dinner in the evening.
If we talk about specific moments during the day, usually it is expressed by the preposition “ĐČ” and its accusative case.
Vocabulary:
- ĐČ ŃŃŃ ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐœĐŽŃ / at this second.
- ĐČ ŃŃĐŸŃ ĐŒĐŸĐŒĐ”ĐœŃ / at this moment.
- ĐČ ŃŃĐŸŃ ŃĐ°Ń / at this hour.
Example sentences:
- ĐŻ ŃĐŒĐŸŃŃДл ŃДлДĐČĐžĐ·ĐŸŃ, Đž ĐČ ŃŃĐŸŃ ĐŒĐŸĐŒĐ”ĐœŃ ĐČ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐœĐ°ŃŃ Đ·Đ°Ńла ĐŒĐŸŃ ĐŽĐŸŃŃ. / I was watching the TV and at that moment my daughter entered the room.
- Đ ŃŃĐŸŃ ŃĐ°Ń ĐČŃĐ” ĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐœĐŸ ŃĐżŃŃ. / Everybody usually sleeps at this hour.
- ĐĐŸŃ Đ»ŃĐ±ĐžĐŒĐ°Ń ĐșĐŸĐŒĐ°ĐœĐŽĐ° ОгŃĐ°Đ”Ń ĐČ ŃŃŃ ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐœĐŽŃ. / My favourite team is playing at this second.
3. Week
“Days of the week” are expressed with the preposition “ĐČ” and its accusative case.
Vocabulary:
- ĐČ ĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»ŃĐœĐžĐș / on Monday.
- ĐČĐŸ ĐČŃĐŸŃĐœĐžĐș / on Tuesday.
- ĐČ ŃŃĐ”ĐŽŃ / on Wednesday.
- ĐČ ŃĐ”ŃĐČĐ”ŃĐł / on Thursday.
- ĐČ ĐżŃŃĐœĐžŃŃ / on Friday
- ĐČ ŃŃĐ±Đ±ĐŸŃŃ / on Saturday.
- ĐČ ĐČĐŸŃĐșŃĐ”ŃĐ”ĐœŃĐ” / on Sunday.
Example sentences:
- Đ ĐżŃŃĐœĐžŃŃ ĐŒŃ ĐžĐŽŃĐŒ ĐœĐ° ĐșĐŸĐœŃĐ”ŃŃ ĐșлаŃŃĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐŒŃĐ·ŃĐșĐž. / On Friday, we are going to the classical music concert.
If the action takes place during a week it is expressed by prepositional case.
Vocabulary:
- ĐœĐ° ŃŃĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ” / this week.
- ĐœĐ° ŃлДЎŃŃŃĐ”Đč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ” / next week.
- ĐœĐ° ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ»ĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ” / last week.
Example sentences:
- Đа ŃŃĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ” Ń ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃ ĐŒĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ. / I have a lot of work this week.
- ĐŻ ĐœĐ” Ń ĐŸĐŽĐžĐ» ĐČ ŃĐżĐŸŃŃзал ĐœĐ° ĐżŃĐŸŃĐ»ĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”. / I didn’t go to the gym last week.
4. Month and year
“Specific month and year” normally goes with the prepositional case if it is used separately.
Vocabulary:
- ĐČ ŃĐœĐČаŃĐ” / in January.
- ĐČ ĐŒĐ°ŃŃĐ” / in March.
- ĐČ Đ°ĐČĐłŃŃŃĐ” / in August.
Example sentences:
- ĐČ ŃŃŃŃŃа ĐŽĐ”ĐČŃŃŃŃĐŸŃ ĐŽĐ”ĐČŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐŸ ĐżŃŃĐŸĐŒ ĐłĐŸĐŽŃ. / In the year 1995.
- ĐжДĐčĐŒŃ ĐžĐŽŃŃ ĐœĐ° ŃĐ·ŃĐșĐŸĐČŃĐ” ĐșŃŃŃŃ ŃŃŃŃĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ·ŃĐșа ĐČ ĐŒĐ°ŃŃĐ”. / James is going to the Russian language course in March.
- Đ 1995 ĐłĐŸĐŽŃ ĐĐœĐœĐ° ĐżĐŸŃла ĐČ ŃĐșĐŸĐ»Ń. / Anna went to school in the year 1995.
If there is a date with a month and a year it is expressed by prepositional case + genitive case.
Example sentences:
- ĐČ ĐŒĐ°ŃŃĐ” ĐŽĐČĐ” ŃŃŃŃŃĐž ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŒĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°. / in March 2008.
- ĐČ Đ°ĐżŃДлД ŃŃŃŃŃа ĐŽĐ”ĐČŃŃŃŃĐŸŃ ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŒĐžĐŽĐ”ŃŃŃĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°. / in April 1980.
- ĐĐœŃĐŸĐœ ŃĐŸĐŽĐžĐ»ŃŃ ĐČ Đ°ĐżŃДлД 1980 ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°. / Anton was born in April 1980.
5. Periods of time
The most common expressions that are used with accusative.
Vocabulary:
- ĐœĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐŽ / ago.
- ŃĐ”ŃДз / in.
- ĐșажЎŃĐč (ĐșажЎŃŃ) / every.
Example sentences:
- ĐŃŃŃ Đ»Đ”Ń ĐœĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐŽ ĐаŃĐ°Đ»ĐžŃ Đ±Ńла Đ·Đ°ĐŒŃĐ¶Đ”ĐŒ. / 5 years ago Natalya got married.
- ЧДŃДз ĐŒĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐĐœĐŽŃĐ”Đč бŃĐŽĐ”Ń Đ¶ĐžŃŃ ĐČ ĐĐœĐłĐ»ĐžĐž. / Andrew will live in England in one month’s time.
- ĐажЎŃĐč ĐłĐŸĐŽ Ń ĐżŃĐŸĐČĐŸĐ¶Ń Đ»Đ”ŃĐŸ ĐČ CĐ°ĐœĐșŃ-ĐĐ”ŃĐ”ŃбŃŃгД. / Every year, I spend my summer’s in St. Petersburg.
- ĐажЎŃŃ ĐżŃŃĐœĐžŃŃ Ń Đ”ĐŽŃ ĐČ ĐŽŃŃĐłĐŸĐč ĐłĐŸŃĐŸĐŽ. / Every Friday, I travel to another city.
If there is an action that has happened before or after some event, we then use the instrumental and genitive case.
Vocabulary:
- пДŃДЎ ŃŃĐŸĐșĐŸĐŒ / before the lesson.
- ŃĐșĐ·Đ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐŸĐŒ / exam.
- ĐżĐŸĐ”Đ·ĐŽĐșĐŸĐč / trip.
- ĐżĐŸŃлД заĐČŃŃаĐșа / after breakfast.
- ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ / work.
- пДŃĐ”ŃŃĐČа / break.
Example sentences:
- ĐąĐ°ĐœŃ ĐČŃДгЎа ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ°Đ”Ń ĐŽĐŸĐŒĐ°ŃĐœĐ”Đ” Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” пДŃДЎ ŃŃĐŸĐșĐŸĐŒ. / Tanya always does her homework before the lesson.
- ĐĐœĐ” ĐœŃĐ¶ĐœĐŸ ĐșŃпОŃŃ Đ±ĐžĐ»Đ”ŃŃ ĐœĐ° ĐżĐŸĐ”Đ·ĐŽ пДŃДЎ ĐżĐŸĐ”Đ·ĐŽĐșĐŸĐč. / I need to buy train tickets before the trip.
- ĐŻ ĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐœĐŸ ĐœĐ” Đ»ĐŸĐ¶ŃŃŃ ŃпаŃŃ ĐżĐ”ŃДЎ ŃĐșĐ·Đ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐŸĐŒ. / Usually, I don’t go to bed before the exam.
- ĐĐŸŃлД ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐĐ»Đ°ĐŽĐžĐŒĐžŃ ĐČŃДгЎа ŃŃĐČŃŃĐČŃĐ”Ń ŃĐ”Đ±Ń ŃŃŃаĐČŃĐžĐŒ. / Vladimir always feels tired after work.
- ĐĄĐ”ŃгДĐč бŃĐŽĐ”Ń ĐžĐłŃаŃŃ ĐœĐ° гОŃаŃĐ” ĐżĐŸŃлД пДŃĐ”ŃŃĐČа. / Sergey will play guitar after his break.
- ĐĐŸŃлД заĐČŃŃаĐșа ĐČŃĐ” ĐżĐŸŃлО ĐČ ĐżĐ°ŃĐș. / After breakfast, everybody went to the park.
6. Frequency words
There are some adverbs in Russian that specifies the frequency of the action.
Vocabulary:
- ĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐœĐŸ / usually.
- ŃДЎĐșĐŸ / rarely.
- ĐžĐœĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° / sometimes.
- ŃаŃŃĐŸ / often.
- ĐœĐžĐșĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° / never.
- ĐČŃДгЎа / always.
Example sentences:
- ĐбŃŃĐœĐŸ Ń Đ”ĐŽŃ ĐœĐ° ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃŃ ĐœĐ° ĐŒĐ°ŃĐžĐœe. / Usually, I commute to work by car.
- ĐŃĐžĐœĐ° ŃДЎĐșĐŸ Ń ĐŸĐŽĐžŃ ĐżĐŸ ĐŒĐ°ĐłĐ°Đ·ĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒ. / Irina rarely goes shopping.
- ĐĐœĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° ĐŸĐœ ОзŃŃĐ°Đ”Ń ĐșĐžŃаĐčŃĐșĐžĐč ŃĐ·ŃĐș ĐČĐ”ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐŒ. / Sometimes he studies Chinese in the evening.
- ĐŃ ŃаŃŃĐŸ ĐČŃŃŃĐ”ŃĐ°Đ”ĐŒ ĐœĐŸĐČŃŃ ĐŽŃŃĐ·Đ”Đč, ĐșĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° ŃŃĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐœĐ” ĐŸĐ¶ĐžĐŽĐ°Đ”ĐŒ. / We often meet new friends when we don’t expect it.
- ĐĐ»Đ”ĐœĐ° ĐœĐžĐșĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° ĐœĐ” ĐŽŃĐŒĐ°Đ»Đ° ĐŸ ĐŽŃŃĐłĐžŃ Đ»ŃĐŽŃŃ . / Elena has never thought about other people.
- ĐĐžŃ Đ°ĐžĐ» ĐČŃДгЎа Đ·ĐœĐ°Đ”Ń, ŃŃĐŸ ŃĐșазаŃŃ. / Michael always knows what to say.
The position of all these time expressions is not fixed and can be different in a sentence. I really hope that this article can help those who read it brush up their Russian!






