There are some special expressions in any language related to time. In Russian, they have different grammatical forms comparing with English and other languages. This article introduces some of these expressions separated in several groups that vary by their meaning and grammatical form. You will learn how to express correctly the time in Russian!

 

 

1. Specific days

 

Grammatically, these words are adverbs formed from nouns.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • ĐČчДра / yesterday. 
  • ĐżĐŸĐ·Đ°ĐČчДра / the day before yesterday.
  • ŃĐ”ĐłĐŸĐŽĐœŃ / today.
  • заĐČтра / tomorrow.
  • ĐżĐŸŃĐ»Đ”Đ·Đ°ĐČтра / the day after tomorrow.

 

 

Here are some example sentences below:

 

  • ВчДра был Ń‡ŃƒĐŽĐ”ŃĐœŃ‹Đč ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃŒ. / Yesterday was a great day.
  • ĐŻ Ń…ĐŸŃ‡Ńƒ ĐżĐŸĐłŃƒĐ»ŃŃ‚ŃŒ ĐżĐŸ ĐłĐŸŃ€ĐŸĐŽŃƒ ŃĐ”ĐłĐŸĐŽĐœŃ. / I want to walk around the city today.
  • ЗаĐČтра я ĐżĐŸĐ”ĐŽŃƒ ĐœĐ° эĐșсĐșурсою. / Tomorrow I will go on excursion.

 

Some particular dates are usually expressed by ordinal numerals with genitive case. For example:

 

  • ĐŸŃŃ‚ĐŸĐłĐŸ аĐČгуста Đ±ŃƒĐŽĐ”Ń‚ ĐŽĐ”ĐœŃŒ ĐœĐ°ŃˆĐ”Đč сĐČĐ°ĐŽŃŒĐ±Ń‹. / Our wedding day will be on the 5th of August.

 

 

2. Parts of the day

 

Parts of the day are expressed by invariable adverbs which initially were nouns. They go without any preposition in the sentence and can be both at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • ŃƒŃ‚Ń€ĐŸĐŒ / in the morning.
  • ĐŽĐœŃ‘ĐŒ / in the afternoon.
  • ĐČĐ”Ń‡Đ”Ń€ĐŸĐŒ / in the evening.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • ĐŁŃ‚Ń€ĐŸĐŒ я ĐČстаю Ń€Đ°ĐœĐŸ Đž ĐżŃ€ĐžĐœĐžĐŒĐ°ŃŽ Ўуш. / I get up early and take a shower in the morning.
  • Đ”ĐœŃ‘ĐŒ я ĐœĐ° Ń€Đ°Đ±ĐŸŃ‚Đ”. / I am at work in the afternoon.
    ĐŻ ĐżŃ€ĐžŃ…ĐŸĐ¶Ńƒ ĐŽĐŸĐŒĐŸĐč Đž ŃƒĐ¶ĐžĐœĐ°ŃŽ ĐČĐ”Ń‡Đ”Ń€ĐŸĐŒ. / I come back home and have dinner in the evening.

 

If we talk about specific moments during the day, usually it is expressed by the preposition “ĐČ” and its accusative case.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • ĐČ ŃŃ‚Ńƒ сДĐșŃƒĐœĐŽŃƒ / at this second.
  • ĐČ ŃŃ‚ĐŸŃ‚ ĐŒĐŸĐŒĐ”ĐœŃ‚ / at this moment.
  • ĐČ ŃŃ‚ĐŸŃ‚ час / at this hour.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • ĐŻ ŃĐŒĐŸŃ‚Ń€Đ”Đ» тДлДĐČĐžĐ·ĐŸŃ€, Đž ĐČ ŃŃ‚ĐŸŃ‚ ĐŒĐŸĐŒĐ”ĐœŃ‚ ĐČ ĐșĐŸĐŒĐœĐ°Ń‚Ńƒ зашла ĐŒĐŸŃ ĐŽĐŸŃ‡ŃŒ. / I was watching the TV and at that moment my daughter entered the room.
  • В ŃŃ‚ĐŸŃ‚ час ĐČсД ĐŸĐ±Ń‹Ń‡ĐœĐŸ спят. / Everybody usually sleeps at this hour.
  • ĐœĐŸŃ Đ»ŃŽĐ±ĐžĐŒĐ°Ń ĐșĐŸĐŒĐ°ĐœĐŽĐ° ОграДт ĐČ ŃŃ‚Ńƒ сДĐșŃƒĐœĐŽŃƒ. / My favourite team is playing at this second.

 

 

3. Week

 

“Days of the week” are expressed with the preposition “ĐČ” and its accusative case.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • ĐČ ĐżĐŸĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»ŃŒĐœĐžĐș / on Monday.
  • ĐČĐŸ ĐČŃ‚ĐŸŃ€ĐœĐžĐș / on Tuesday.
  • ĐČ ŃŃ€Đ”ĐŽŃƒ / on Wednesday.
  • ĐČ Ń‡Đ”Ń‚ĐČДрг / on Thursday.
  • ĐČ ĐżŃŃ‚ĐœĐžŃ†Ńƒ / on Friday
  • ĐČ ŃŃƒĐ±Đ±ĐŸŃ‚Ńƒ / on Saturday.
  • ĐČ ĐČĐŸŃĐșŃ€Đ”ŃĐ”ĐœŃŒĐ” / on Sunday.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • В ĐżŃŃ‚ĐœĐžŃ†Ńƒ ĐŒŃ‹ ĐžĐŽŃ‘ĐŒ ĐœĐ° ĐșĐŸĐœŃ†Đ”Ń€Ń‚ ĐșлассОчДсĐșĐŸĐč ĐŒŃƒĐ·Ń‹ĐșĐž. / On Friday, we are going to the classical music concert.

 

If the action takes place during a week it is expressed by prepositional case.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • ĐœĐ° ŃŃ‚ĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ” / this week.
  • ĐœĐ° ŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽŃƒŃŽŃ‰Đ”Đč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ” / next week.
  • ĐœĐ° ĐżŃ€ĐŸŃˆĐ»ĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ” / last week.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • На ŃŃ‚ĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ” у ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃ ĐŒĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ Ń€Đ°Đ±ĐŸŃ‚Ń‹. / I have a lot of work this week.
  • ĐŻ ĐœĐ” Ń…ĐŸĐŽĐžĐ» ĐČ ŃĐżĐŸŃ€Ń‚Đ·Đ°Đ» ĐœĐ° ĐżŃ€ĐŸŃˆĐ»ĐŸĐč ĐœĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”. / I didn’t go to the gym last week.

 

 

4. Month and year

 

“Specific month and year” normally goes with the prepositional case if it is used separately.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • ĐČ ŃĐœĐČарД / in January. 
  • ĐČ ĐŒĐ°Ń€Ń‚Đ” / in March.
  • ĐČ Đ°ĐČĐłŃƒŃŃ‚Đ” / in August.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • ĐČ Ń‚Ń‹ŃŃŃ‡Đ° ĐŽĐ”ĐČŃŃ‚ŃŒŃĐŸŃ‚ ĐŽĐ”ĐČŃĐœĐŸŃŃ‚ĐŸ ĐżŃŃ‚ĐŸĐŒ ĐłĐŸĐŽŃƒ. / In the year 1995.
  • ДжДĐčĐŒŃ оЮёт ĐœĐ° ŃĐ·Ń‹ĐșĐŸĐČыД Đșурсы руссĐșĐŸĐłĐŸ ŃĐ·Ń‹Đșа ĐČ ĐŒĐ°Ń€Ń‚Đ”. / James is going to the Russian language course in March.
  • В 1995 ĐłĐŸĐŽŃƒ ĐĐœĐœĐ° ĐżĐŸŃˆĐ»Đ° ĐČ ŃˆĐșĐŸĐ»Ńƒ. / Anna went to school in the year 1995.

 

If there is a date with a month and a year it is expressed by prepositional case + genitive case.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • ĐČ ĐŒĐ°Ń€Ń‚Đ” ĐŽĐČĐ” тысячо ĐČĐŸŃŃŒĐŒĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°. / in March 2008.
  • ĐČ Đ°ĐżŃ€Đ”Đ»Đ” тысяча ĐŽĐ”ĐČŃŃ‚ŃŒŃĐŸŃ‚ ĐČĐŸŃŃŒĐŒĐžĐŽĐ”ŃŃŃ‚ĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°. / in April 1980.
  • ĐĐœŃ‚ĐŸĐœ Ń€ĐŸĐŽĐžĐ»ŃŃ ĐČ Đ°ĐżŃ€Đ”Đ»Đ” 1980 ĐłĐŸĐŽĐ°. / Anton was born in April 1980.

 

 

5. Periods of time

 

The most common expressions that are used with accusative.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • ĐœĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐŽ / ago.
  • чДрДз / in.
  • ĐșажЎыĐč (ĐșĐ°Đ¶ĐŽŃƒŃŽ) / every.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • Пять лДт ĐœĐ°Đ·Đ°ĐŽ ĐĐ°Ń‚Đ°Đ»ĐžŃ была Đ·Đ°ĐŒŃƒĐ¶Đ”ĐŒ. / 5 years ago Natalya got married.
  • ЧДрДз ĐŒĐ”ŃŃŃ† ĐĐœĐŽŃ€Đ”Đč Đ±ŃƒĐŽĐ”Ń‚ Đ¶ĐžŃ‚ŃŒ ĐČ ĐĐœĐłĐ»ĐžĐž. / Andrew will live in England in one month’s time.
  • КажЎыĐč ĐłĐŸĐŽ я ĐżŃ€ĐŸĐČĐŸĐ¶Ńƒ Đ»Đ”Ń‚ĐŸ ĐČ CĐ°ĐœĐșт-ĐŸĐ”Ń‚Đ”Ń€Đ±ŃƒŃ€ĐłĐ”. / Every year, I spend my summer’s in St. Petersburg.
  • ĐšĐ°Đ¶ĐŽŃƒŃŽ ĐżŃŃ‚ĐœĐžŃ†Ńƒ я ДЎу ĐČ ĐŽŃ€ŃƒĐłĐŸĐč ĐłĐŸŃ€ĐŸĐŽ. / Every Friday, I travel to another city.

 

If there is an action that has happened before or after some event, we then use the instrumental and genitive case.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • пДрДЎ ŃƒŃ€ĐŸĐșĐŸĐŒ / before the lesson.
  • эĐșĐ·Đ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐŸĐŒ / exam.
  • ĐżĐŸĐ”Đ·ĐŽĐșĐŸĐč / trip.
  • ĐżĐŸŃĐ»Đ” заĐČтраĐșа / after breakfast.
  • Ń€Đ°Đ±ĐŸŃ‚Ń‹ / work.
  • пДрДрыĐČа / break.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • ĐąĐ°ĐœŃ ĐČсДгЎа ЎДлаДт ĐŽĐŸĐŒĐ°ŃˆĐœĐ”Đ” Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” пДрДЎ ŃƒŃ€ĐŸĐșĐŸĐŒ. / Tanya always does her homework before the lesson.
  • ĐœĐœĐ” ĐœŃƒĐ¶ĐœĐŸ Đșупоть бОлДты ĐœĐ° ĐżĐŸĐ”Đ·ĐŽ пДрДЎ ĐżĐŸĐ”Đ·ĐŽĐșĐŸĐč. / I need to buy train tickets before the trip.
  • ĐŻ ĐŸĐ±Ń‹Ń‡ĐœĐŸ ĐœĐ” Đ»ĐŸĐ¶ŃƒŃŃŒ спать пДрДЎ эĐșĐ·Đ°ĐŒĐ”ĐœĐŸĐŒ. / Usually, I don’t go to bed before the exam.
  • ĐŸĐŸŃĐ»Đ” Ń€Đ°Đ±ĐŸŃ‚Ń‹ Đ’Đ»Đ°ĐŽĐžĐŒĐžŃ€ ĐČсДгЎа чуĐČстĐČŃƒĐ”Ń‚ ŃĐ”Đ±Ń устаĐČŃˆĐžĐŒ. / Vladimir always feels tired after work.
  • ХДргДĐč Đ±ŃƒĐŽĐ”Ń‚ ограть ĐœĐ° гОтарД ĐżĐŸŃĐ»Đ” пДрДрыĐČа. / Sergey will play guitar after his break.
  • ĐŸĐŸŃĐ»Đ” заĐČтраĐșа ĐČсД ĐżĐŸŃˆĐ»Đž ĐČ ĐżĐ°Ń€Đș. / After breakfast, everybody went to the park.

 

 

6. Frequency words

 

There are some adverbs in Russian that specifies the frequency of the action.

 

Vocabulary:

 

  • ĐŸĐ±Ń‹Ń‡ĐœĐŸ / usually.
  • рДЎĐșĐŸ / rarely.
  • ĐžĐœĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° / sometimes.
  • Ń‡Đ°ŃŃ‚ĐŸ / often.
  • ĐœĐžĐșĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° / never.
  • ĐČсДгЎа / always.

 

Example sentences:

 

  • ĐžĐ±Ń‹Ń‡ĐœĐŸ я ДЎу ĐœĐ° Ń€Đ°Đ±ĐŸŃ‚Ńƒ ĐœĐ° ĐŒĐ°ŃˆĐžĐœe. / Usually, I commute to work by car.
  • Đ˜Ń€ĐžĐœĐ° рДЎĐșĐŸ Ń…ĐŸĐŽĐžŃ‚ ĐżĐŸ ĐŒĐ°ĐłĐ°Đ·ĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒ. / Irina rarely goes shopping.
  • Đ˜ĐœĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° ĐŸĐœ ĐžĐ·ŃƒŃ‡Đ°Đ”Ń‚ ĐșотаĐčсĐșĐžĐč ŃĐ·Ń‹Đș ĐČĐ”Ń‡Đ”Ń€ĐŸĐŒ. / Sometimes he studies Chinese in the evening.
  • Мы Ń‡Đ°ŃŃ‚ĐŸ ĐČŃŃ‚Ń€Đ”Ń‡Đ°Đ”ĐŒ ĐœĐŸĐČых ĐŽŃ€ŃƒĐ·Đ”Đč, ĐșĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° ŃŃ‚ĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐœĐ” ĐŸĐ¶ĐžĐŽĐ°Đ”ĐŒ. / We often meet new friends when we don’t expect it.
  • Đ•Đ»Đ”ĐœĐ° ĐœĐžĐșĐŸĐłĐŽĐ° ĐœĐ” ĐŽŃƒĐŒĐ°Đ»Đ° ĐŸ Юругох Đ»ŃŽĐŽŃŃ…. / Elena has never thought about other people.
  • ĐœĐžŃ…Đ°ĐžĐ» ĐČсДгЎа Đ·ĐœĐ°Đ”Ń‚, Ń‡Ń‚ĐŸ сĐșĐ°Đ·Đ°Ń‚ŃŒ. / Michael always knows what to say.

 

The position of all these time expressions is not fixed and can be different in a sentence. I really hope that this article can help those who read it brush up their Russian!

 

Hero image by Ilia Schelkanov on Unsplash