在本文里，你将学到如何根据你的性格制定不同学习策略。我们主要使用两种性格测试：九型性格测试 和MBTI测试。我希望通过深入理解这两个测试，能让你根据自己的性格找到合适的学生／老师，最大化学习效率。
This article is to give you a little insight on getting the most out of language learning based on your Personality Type. It covers two personality typing tools, The Enneagram and MBTI; and the understanding of these tools, can help teachers and students connect to be effective partners in education.
性格决定了你的行为：无论是学习，工作还是交流。拥有一定的心理洞察力能让我们更好的审视自己的学习过程，找到自己的学习动力，处理信息的方式，沟通风格，并最终总结出适合自己的学习策略（当然还包括italki老师）！ 无论是学习语言还是其他的东西，这都能大大降低沮丧感和学习时挣扎无力的感觉，加快学习速度，更好的享受学习过程。
Our personality shapes the way we interact with the world: how we learn, work, and communicate. Psychological insights can help us become more perceptive about our fears, the recurrent sources of our unhappiness, and the desires that lead us into wasteful conflicts and illusions. They can also provide valuable insight into learning processes, thereby helping you choose learning strategies (and italki language teachers!) that best suit your unique motivations, manner of processing information, and communication style. When learning a language, or anything else for that matter, this means less frustration and struggle, and more progress and enjoyment.
找到自己的性格类型是一个很好的起点，能让你深入了解自己的喜好和行为习惯。作为一名老师，我和许多学生打过交道， 每个人都有自己独特的见解，价值观和偏好。通过研究性格类型，我们可以知道为什么别人眼中的世界和自己看到的不同，究竟有哪些不一样。这不仅可以激发我们的同情心，更好地接受和自己不一样的人，还有助于形成自己的学习和教学风格，提高语言学习的速度。
Personality typing is a great starting point to better understand your preferences and behaviours. As a teacher, I interact with many students, all with unique perspectives, values, and preferences. When we study personality types, we can better understand how and why others see the world differently from us. Aside from encouraging greater compassion and acceptance of others, knowledge of this can help shape teaching and learning style. This can make a big difference in how quickly a language can be learnt.
本文主要讨论两种性格分析方法，可以帮助老师或者学生找到适合自己的学习伙伴。相信在阅读本文之后，无论你是老师还是学生（或者既是老师又是学生），都能更欣赏自己以及你的老师或是学生。
This article focuses on two personality profiling tools that can help teachers and students connect to be effective partners in education. After reading it through, perhaps you as either a teacher or student (or both) can gain a better appreciation of yourself and the person you are learning from or teaching to.
九型性格测试 The Enneagram
由Don Richard Riso和Russ Hudson一起发明的九型性格测试一个很好的工具，它揭示了人们内在最深层的价值观和注意力焦点，它不受表面的外在行为的变化所影响。可以让人明白其它不同人的个性类型，从而懂得如何与不同的人交往沟通及融洽相处，与别人建立更真挚、和谐的合作伙伴关系。
The Enneagram, developed by Don Richard Riso and Russ Hudson, is a powerful and insightful tool for understanding ourselves and others. It is a sort of toolbox which explains how the different drivers of personality work and how the coping strategies (personalities) which we develop in response to those play out in practice. It can therefore increase overall levels of emotional intelligence, because it enables us to better understand how and why others see the world differently from us. This ultimately leads to better teamwork during the learning experience.
该方法将人的性格分成九种不同类型，每个人都有一个主导性格，它决定了我们日常行事的方式。如果一个老师能支持并加强学生的学习动力，学生就能学得更快。下面是每种性格类型的学习动力和学习方法的概述，而通过文末的测试链接，你能找到自己的性格类型。
Each person has a dominant Type (there are nine in total), and each Type has a different motivation. Our motivation is a powerful force that drives most of our behaviour. If a teacher can support and reinforce a student's motivation, it can encourage quicker learning. Below is a summary of the motivation and learning style for each Type. You can discover your Type by taking the tests suggested at the end of this article.
九种性格类型 The nine types
1. 刻苦勤奋的劳动者
- 动力：完美无误
- 关注点：哪里做错了或者不对劲
- 策略：严格遵循各项规则，标准和原则
- 学习风格:
- 课堂上注意力集中，笔记完整
- 想要知道各种规则
- 学习时逻辑性较强，步步向前推进
- 极其注重对细节的关注
1. The Serious Hard Worker
- Motivation: to be good and correct.
- Focus: what's wrong (what's not as it should be).
- Strategy: follow rules, standards, and principles so closely that they will meet all expectations.
- Learning Style:
- Attentive in class, takes thorough notes.
- Wants to know the rules.
- Learns in a logical, step by step manner.
- Meticulous attention to detail.
2. 取悦众人的导师
- 动力: 被人欣赏
- 关注点: 别人和他们的需求
- 策略: 通过善待他人获得别人的赞赏
- 学习风格:
- 想要和学习内容建立情感联系
- 关注人和应用
- 通过榜样学习
- 和热情快乐的老师建立联系
2. The People Pleasing Mentor
- Motivation: to be appreciated.
- Focus: other people and their needs.
- Strategy: earn appreciation by being kind to others.
- Learning Style:
- Wants emotional connection to the lesson.
- Focuses on people and applications.
- Learns well from role models.
- Connects with passionate, joyful teachers.
3. 班级之星
动力: 获得成功
- 关注点: 结果和成就.
- 策略: 赢得他人的尊重
- 学习风格:
- 渴望提高能力和技巧
- 精简课程，注重关键概念和结果
- 强调实践，从经验中学习
- 渴望即刻开展行动
3. The Star of the Class
- Motivation: to be successful.
- Focus: results and achievement.
- Strategy: to win the esteem of others.
- Learning Style:
- Desires to improve skill and ability.
- Reduces lesson to key concepts and results.
- Hands-on, experiential learning.
- Eager to jump into action.
4. 被误解的创造家
- 动力: 找到一个独特又与众不同的自己
- 关注点: 缺少了什么
- 策略: 挑战惯例，将大家的注意力引往不同点上
- 学习风格:
- 需要和课程建立私人的情绪化的联系
- 等待学习情绪的出现
- 全身心投入工作
- 对批评很敏感
4. The Misunderstood Creative
- Motivation: to find a special and unique identity.
- Focus: what's missing.
- Strategy: withdraw from convention and get people to notice how they are different.
- Learning Style:
- Needs personal, emotional connection to lesson content.
- Waits until the mood strikes to study.
- Pours their soul into their work.
- Very sensitive to criticism (personal rejection).
5. 智慧的旁观者
- 动力: 能力和智慧
- 关注点: 想要知道的内容，如何才能做好
- 策略: 作为一个旁观者去研究
- 学习风格:
- 通过观察学得最好（讲座，书籍）
- 参与前就能理解
- 通过对话题的完整理解获得满足感
- 通过分析找出规律，提出质疑
5. The Intellectual Outsider
- Motivation: to be competent and intelligent.
- Focus: what they wants to know and do well.
- Strategy: withdraw from the world to study it.
- Learning Style:
- Learns best through observation (lecture, books).
- Comprehension before participation.
- Satisfaction with full comprehension of a topic.
- Analysis, finding patterns, speculation, analysis paralysis.
6. 不停发问的朋友
- 动力: 通过他人支持获得安全感
- 关注点: 不确定性,风险,危险,未知事物
- 策略: 像信任的人寻求指导
- 学习风格:
- 提问提问再提问
- 细致理性的分析
- 喜欢结构清晰，条理明确，合情合理的规则
- 擅长发现问题或偏差
6. The Questioning Friend
- Motivation: to be supported and secure.
- Focus: uncertainties, risks, dangers, the unknown.
- Strategy: seek guidance from those they trust
- Learning Style:
- Questions, questions, questions.
- Detailed, rational analysis.
- Prefers structure, framework, justified rules.
- Good at finding problems or deviations.
7. 啦啦队长
- 动力: 快乐和满足
- 关注点: 正能量
- 策略: 在身边寻求欢乐／刺激的事物
- 学习风格:
- 学得很快
- 协同学习
- 精神领域的探索和实验
- 无需了解整体情况，可以随时随地开始学习
7. The Cheerleader
- Motivation: to be happy and fulfilled.
- Focus: the positive.
- Strategy: seek happiness/excitement in the world around them.
- Learning Style:
- Learns quickly.
- Learns by association.
- Mental exploration and experimentation.
- Can jump into the middle of things without needing the big picture.
8. 挑战者
- 动力: 保护自己，掌控一切
- 关注点: 权利和正义
- 策略: 维护他们的独立性
- 学习风格:
- 独立，尽可能减少监督
- 不怕弄脏自己的双手
- 喜欢参加班级讨论，特别是辩论
- 相比理论更喜欢实践
8. The Challenger
- Motivation: to protect themselves and be in control.
- Focus: power and justice.
- Strategy: assert their independence.
- Learning Style:
- Independent, minimal supervision.
- Wants to get their hands dirty.
- Enjoys class discussions, especially debates.
- Prefers the practical to theory.
9. 附和者
- 动力: 寻求和平
- 关注点: 他人的观点
- 策略: 否认自己的需求和观点以附和他人
- 学习风格:
- 沉浸式学习
- 体验式练习，身体运动
- 重复
- 规律性，可预测性，结构清晰
9. The Accommodating Companion
- Motivation: to be at peace.
- Focus: other people's point of view.
- Strategy: denies own wants and opinions to accommodate others.
- Learning Style:
- Immersion.
- Experiential exercises, physical movement.
- Repetition.
- Routine, predictability, structure.
迈尔斯-布里格斯性格分类法（MBTI） Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
MBTI的理论基础是Carl Jung的心理类型理论。Jung观察后发现人类的行为有一定的可预测性和规律性，他将其称为“类型”，每种类型都是三种认知方式的一部分，具体包括：
- 外向-内向
- 实感-直觉
- 理性-情感
MBTI is based on Carl Jung's theory of psychological type. Jung observed that people tend to behave in predictable ways or patterns and called these patterns "types". Each type is one part of the three dimensions of personality he identified:
- Extroversion-introversion
- Sensing-intuition
- Thinking-feeling
Jung认为，在日常生活中，每个人都偏向使用这三种认知方式中的一种，。1962年Katharine Brigg和女儿Isabel对其做了补充，增加了第四种认知方式： 判断-理解。于是我们有了四种个性特征：
- 内向 (I) 还是外向(E)
- 直觉(N) 还是实感(S)
- 理性(T)还是情感 (F)
- 判断(J) 还是理解(P)
According to Jung, each person prefers one of these cognitive functions and finds it most natural to rely on it in everyday situations. His work was expanded in 1962 by Isabel and Katharine Briggs, who added a fourth dimension: judging-perceiving. This gives us four possible pairs of personality traits:
- Introversion (I) or Extroversion (E)
- Intuition (N) or Sensing (S)
- Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
- Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
除了给学习过程提供有价值的见解，MBTI还能帮助你理解自己的偏好和行为，比如你如何处理信息，如何做决定等。下面就让我们深入理解下吧。
Aside from providing valuable insight into your learning processes, the MBTI also helps you to understand your preferences and behaviours, how you process information, and how you make decisions. Let's take a closer look…
外向 (E) v. 内向 (I)
不同于大众的认知，内向并不仅仅只害羞，外向也不一定意味着喜欢交际并拥有良好的社交技能。在这里，外向内向指的是获得心灵能量的方向。内向型专注于自己的思想、想法及印象，倾向将能量流往内。外向型则偏向专注于外在的人和事，倾向将能量往外释放。大多数的学生都是外向型的，向他人解释是他们最好的学习方法，也是他们判断自己是否理解某个知识点的重要方法。
Contrary to popular thinking, Introversion does not imply shyness, and Extroversion does not necessarily mean outgoing or good social skills. Rather, this preference tells us how people "charge their batteries". Introverts find energy in their inner world of ideas, concepts, and abstractions. Extroverts find energy in things and people. The majority of students are Extroverts. They learn best by explaining to others. They do not know if they understand the subject until they try to explain it to themselves or others.
内向型的学生想要通过建立框架结构，将重要的知识点集成其中并联系起来。据说在任何时候，一个人都能同时在脑中记住7个知识块（因人而异上下浮动2点）。如果每个知识块只包括一个具体的知识点的，那么人能处理的知识是有限的。但是，如果每个知识块包含很多互相联系的知识点，即一个知识网络或框架的话，人能处理的知识几乎是无限的。对于内向型的人来说，断开的知识块不是知识，最多只能说是信息。知识意味着互相联系的材料，即所谓的“大局”。内向型的学生需要学习如何建立知识块，将其分组并建立联系，最终构成“知识”，比如：使用比较或者对比表格，流程图或概念图等。
Introverted students want to develop frameworks that integrate or connect the subject matter. It's believed that people can hold seven (plus-or-minus-two) chunks of knowledge in their minds at any given time. If each knowledge chunk contains a specific fact, then the amount of knowledge possessed is limited. But if each chunk contains many interconnected facts, a network or framework of facts, then the amount of knowledge is almost unlimited. To an introvert, disconnected chunks are not knowledge, but merely information. Knowledge means interconnecting material and seeing the "big picture". Introverted students need to learn how to chunk, or group and interconnect, knowledge (e.g. using tools like compare/contrast tables, flowcharts, or concept maps).
实感 (S) v. 直觉 (N)
大多数的学生都是实感型的。他们依赖于自己的五感，注重细节，渴望并信任事实。而直觉型的学生更注重寻找知识点间的规律和联系，他们相信自己的预感，从潜意识及事物间的关联来理解世界。
The majority of student are Sensing types. They rely on their five senses. They are detail oriented, desire facts, and trust them. Intuitive people on the other hand, seek out patterns and relationships among the facts they have gathered. They trust hunches and their intuition and look for the "big picture".
理性 (T) v. 情感 (F)
在做决定时，我们中的有些人看中分析结果，逻辑性和原则，而另一些人更关注人类的价值。理性的学生注重公平性。还有什么比在做决定时，专注于某一情况的逻辑性，强调客观标准更公平吗？他们喜欢明确的课程和主题目标。
Some of us decide things impersonally on analysis, logic, and principle; whilst others make decisions by focusing on human values. Thinking students value fairness. What could be fairer than focusing on the logic of a situation and placing great weight on objective criteria in making a decision? Thinking students like clear courses and topic objectives.
情感型学生觉得和谐最重要，他们在做决定或判断时关注人的价值和需求。他们往往善于说服他人，平衡群体成员间的差异性。这类学生喜欢团队合作，特别是在一个和谐的团队里。
Feeling students value harmony. They focus on human values and needs as they make decisions or arrive at judgments. They tend to be good at persuasion and facilitating differences among group members. Feeling students like working in groups, especially harmonious groups.
大约64%的男性偏向理性，而女性中这一比率仅有34%。
About 64% of all males have a preference for Thinking, while only about 34% of all females have a preference for Thinking.
判断(J) v. 理解 (P)
有些人在行动前喜欢多找些资料看看，而有些人则雷厉风行。绝大多数的学生都属于判断型。这种类型的人做事果断，能自我约束，喜欢做计划。他们致力于完成任务，在这过程中更关注关键要点，且想要快速采取行动。他们制定工作计划并严格按照计划行事。截止日期是他们的一切，他们的座右铭是：想做就做！
Some of us like to postpone action and seek more data. Others like to make a quick decision. The majority of students are Judging types. These people are decisive, self-regimented, and likes to plan. They focus on completing the task, only want to know the essentials, and take action quickly (perhaps too quickly). They plan their work and work their plan. Deadlines are sacred. Their motto is: just do it!
理解型的人充满好奇，适应力和自发性都很强。他们能同时进行很多项目，想要知道每个项目的一切，却往往发现想要完成一项任务很难。对他们来说，截止日期就是用来无限拖延的，他们的座右铭是：但是……
Perceptive people are curious, adaptable, and spontaneous. They start many tasks, want to know everything about each task, and often find it difficult to complete a task. Deadlines are meant to be stretched. Their motto is: on the other hand...
MBTI测试也能帮你了解自己的学习动力是什么。针对不同性格的学生，我总结了一些不同的问题，对这些问题的答案挖的越深，那么学生对课程的兴趣就会越大，学得也越好。
So, the MBTI is another tool to help you understand your key learning drives. The clearer and deeper the answer to the following questions each Type receives during the learning process, the greater their interest in the topic (and therefore absorption of information); below is a “cheat sheet” for your reference:
- ESTJ - 这个能解决某个问题马？（他们学习的动力在于渴望通过实现某个想法或者实施某个活动获得的实际经验）
- ISTJ - 这个对我有用吗？（想要通过成功实施某个计划或者亲身实践获得经验）
- ENTJ - 这能帮我解决问题马? (想要通过学习知道大家都感兴趣的东西，以及能切实解决问题的方案）
- INTJ - 为什么这个是这样的? (享受寻找问题答案的过程，这些答案不仅能回答那些最基本的问题，也能回答大家普遍关心的具有实践意义的问题）
- ESTP - 学习这个能提高我的效率吗？(想要找到能实际解决某些急切问题的答案）
- ISTP - 这个是如何工作的呢？ (想要学习能让他们积极工作的技能，比如操作，保养，维修不同的设备和系统等）
- ENTP - 怎样才能解决这个问题？ (想要找到方案解决那些复杂的有挑战性的任务）
- INTP - 这个是怎么构成的？ (享受寻找问题的根本性解决方案的过程，想要从最基础的部分知道复杂系统的运营模式）
- ESFJ - 这在我和别人一起工作时能帮到我吗？（想要学习新技能并运用到实践中去）
- ISFJ - 这在我的工作中能帮到我吗？（享受将理论化为实践的乐趣）
- ENFJ - 这对人们有帮助吗？(想要找到和人有关的问题的解决方案）
- INFJ - 这对人有益吗? (注重以人为本).
- ESFP - 我享受这个过程么？ (乐于运用自己所学给他人带去欢乐）
- ISFP - 这美么? (注重美感及其带来的乐趣)
- ENFP - 这能提供什么方案解决人的问题？这为何与别人有关？（越多人能从中获益，他们的兴趣就越高，越渴望学以致用）
- INFP - 我们这么做对吗? (想要找到和人性有关的问题的答案）
- ESTJ - Does this solve a problem? (their interest in studying something is driven by the desire to gain practical experience in the implementation of certain ideas or activities).
- ISTJ - Is this practical and useful to me? (want to gain experience in successfully implementing plans or carrying out hands-on activities).
- ENTJ - Will this help me solve a problem? (want to learn about ideas of popular interest, as well as by the need to find practical solutions to pressing problems).
- INTJ - Why is this so? (enjoy the search for ideas that can answer not only fundamental questions, but also practical questions of popular interest).
- ESTP - Will learning this help me act more effectively? (want to find practical solutions to pressing problems).
- ISTP - How does this work? (want to learn skills that will allow them to work actively with, e.g. operate, maintain, and repair, various devices and systems).
- ENTP - In what ways can the given problem be solved? (want to find solutions to complex, intellectually challenging tasks).
- INTP - How is this structured? (enjoy the search for solutions to fundamental issues, and want to get to the bottom of how complex systems work).
- ESFJ - Will this help me in work with others? (want to gain new skills and put them into practice).
- ISFJ - Will this help me in my work? (enjoy the possibility of applying what they learn to practical work).
- ENFJ - Is this helpful to people? (want to find solutions to people-related issues).
- INFJ - Is it good for people? (want to find solutions to people-related issues).
- ESFP - Am I enjoying this? (enjoy the possibility of using what they learn to bring joy to others).
- ISFP - Is it beautiful? (enjoy the possibility of receiving aesthetic pleasure from something).
- ENFP - What solutions to people-related issues does it provide? or How is this relevant to other people? (the more positively they think that people will respond to the subject, the greater their interest and enjoyment in it, and the greater their desire to apply what they learn).
- INFP - Are we doing the right thing? (want to find solutions to issues facing humanity).
我希望你觉得这个话题很有趣，并且通过了解你的性格类型，作出更好的选择，加速你的语言学习。如果你想要用更有趣有效的方法学习英语，不妨来我的主页看看。
Well, I hope you found this all interesting. I hope that by discovering your personality type, it will help you make better choices that enable you to learn a language quicker. If you want help learning English in a fun, effective way, please visit my teacher profile here.
参考链接 Links and references:
- MBTI 测试
- 九型性格测试： here or here
- 九型性格研究院：Enneagram Institute
