Involuntary childlessness is rising sharply in developed countries, particularly among lower-income men. While this is often framed as a matter of personal choice, economic constraints, labour market pressures, and social expectations increasingly shape who can realistically form families. In parallel, demographic trends are diverging: many European countries face population decline, while others continue to grow rapidly. These shifts raise uncomfortable questions about responsibility, sustainability, and what modern societies implicitly prioritise. This class examines whether childlessness is best understood as choice or constraint, how economic incentives shape family formation, and what population decline actually means in structural, rather than emotional, terms. My italki profile: https://www.italki.com/en/teacher/8425021

By the end of this lesson you will have: 1. Used precise vocabulary to discuss fertility, family formation, and domestic roles. 2. Analysed economic and social constraints shaping childlessness. 3. Distinguished personal choice from structural limitation. 4. Evaluated the consequences of population decline. 5. Received detailed written feedback on clarity and structure.