Neste episódio vamos falar sobre um conto do escritor brasileiro Machado de Assis. O assunto principal deste podcast é o contraste entre quem você é e como você e outras pessoas percebem sua identidade.
(In this episode we are going to talk about a tale of the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis. The main subject of this podcast is the contrast between who you are and how you and other people perceive your identity.)


Literary Podcast

O Espelho

the difference between 放松 and 轻松, show me with examples
放松 (fàng sōng) and 轻松 (qīng sōng) are both adjectives that can be translated as "relaxed" in English. However, there are some subtle differences in how they are used.
放松 (fàng sōng)  is a more general term that refers to the state of being relaxed or at ease. For example:
我喜欢做瑜伽，因为它能让我放松。(I like doing yoga because it helps me relax.)
wǒ xǐ huān zuò yú jiā, yīn wéi tā néng ràng wǒ fàng sōng.
假期让我放松许多。(The vacation helped me relax a lot.)
jià qī ràng wǒ fàng sōng xǔ duō.

轻松 (qīng sōng) on the other hand, is often used to describe an activity or task that is easy and not very demanding. For example:
这道题目太轻松了，我很快就会做出来。(This problem is too easy. I'll finish it quickly.)
zhè dào tí mù tài qīng sōng le, wǒ hěn kuài jiù huì zuò chū lái.
这项工作对我来说很轻松。(This job is very easy for me.)
zhè xiàng gōng zuò duì wǒ lái shuō hěn qīng sōng.

So, while both words refer to a state of relaxation, 放松 is more general and refers to a general feeling of relaxation, while 轻松 is more specific and refers to an activity or task that is easy and not very demanding.

Difference between A and B in Chinese with Shanmei

Difference between 放松 (fàng sōng) and 轻松 (qīng sōng) 

"不行" (bù xíng) is a more casual and colloquial expression, and it is often used to indicate that something is not feasible or practical. It can be translated as "can't" or "won't work."
"不可以" (bù kě yǐ) is a more formal and polite expression, and it is often used to indicate that something is not allowed according to rules or regulations. It can be translated as "cannot" or "not allowed."
Here are some examples that illustrate the difference between "不行" (bù xíng) and "不可以" (bù kě yǐ):
Example 1:
A: 你能给我五块钱吗？ (nǐ néng gěi wǒ wǔ kuài qián ma?) (Can you give me five dollars?)
B: 不行，我没有五块钱。 (bù xíng, wǒ méi yǒu wǔ kuài qián) (No, I don't have five dollars.)
B: 不可以，这是违反公司规定的。 (bù kě yǐ, zhè shì wéi fǎn gōng sī guī dìng de) (No, it is against company rules.)
In the first example, "不行" (bù xíng) is used to indicate that the person does not have the requested amount of money. In the second example, "不可以" (bù kě yǐ) is used to indicate that giving the money is against company rules.
"不行" (bù xíng) might be more appropriate if the person simply does not have the requested amount of money, while "不可以" (bù kě yǐ) might be more appropriate if there is a rule or regulation that prevents the person from giving the money.

Example 2:
A: 你能把这个盒子放在桌子上吗？ (nǐ néng bǎ zhè gè hé zǐ fàng zài zhuō zi shàng ma?) (Can you put this box on the table?)
B: 不行，它太大了。 (bù xíng, tā tài dà le) (No, it is too big.)
B: 不可以，桌子上没有足够的空间。 (bù kě yǐ, zhuō zi shàng méi yǒu zú gòu de kōng jiān) (No, there is not enough space on the table.)
In the first example, "不行" (bù xíng) is used to indicate that the box is too large to fit on the table. In the second example, "不可以" (bù kě yǐ) is used to indicate that there is not enough space on the table.
"不行" (bù xíng) might be more appropriate if the box is too large to fit on the table, while "不可以" (bù kě yǐ) might be more appropriate if there is not enough space on the table.



Difference between "不行" (bù xíng) and "不可以" (bù kě yǐ)

不免 (bù miǎn) and 未免 (wèi miǎn) are both adverbs that are used to indicate that something is inevitable or cannot be avoided. However, there is a subtle difference in their meanings.
不免 (bù miǎn) means "inevitably" or "unavoidably," and it is used to indicate that something is certain to happen or cannot be avoided. Here is the structure when using 不免：objective reason,+不免+result
未免 (wèi miǎn) means "unavoidably" or "unnecessarily," and it is used to indicate that something is unnecessary or excessive. You use it when you can’t agree to something. Here is the structure when using 未免：（scenario, can be omitted in the sentence)，+未免+judgement
Here are some examples to illustrate the difference between the two, with pinyin provided for the example sentences:
不免 (bù miǎn)
* 这种天气下出门，不免有些冷。 (zhè zhǒng tiānqì xià chūmén, bù miǎn yǒuxiē lěng) (It is inevitably a little cold when going out in this kind of weather.)
* 他的职业生涯结束了，不免有些伤感。 (tā de zhíyè shēngyá jiéshù le, bù miǎn yǒuxiē shāngǎn) (His career has ended, and it is inevitably a little sad.)
未免 (wèi miǎn)
* 这道题的难度未免有点大。 (zhè dào tí de nándù wèi miǎn yǒudiǎn dà) (The difficulty of this problem is unnecessarily large.)
* 他的表演未免有些夸张。 (tā de biǎoyǎn wèi miǎn yǒuxiē kuāzhāng) (His performance is unnecessarily exaggerated.)
* 你这么做，未免太过分。 (nǐ zhème zuò, wèi miǎn tài guòfèn) (What you are doing is unnecessarily extreme.)


Difference between 不免 (bù miǎn) and 未免 (wèi miǎn) 

有点 (yǒudiǎn) and 一点 (yīdiǎn) both translate to "a little" or "slightly" in English. However, they are used slightly differently in Chinese.

有点 (yǒudiǎn) is used to describe a small amount or degree of something. It is often used to describe an adjective or an adjective phrase. For example:

这个电影有点好看 (zhège diànyǐng yǒudiǎn hǎokàn) means "this movie is a little bit good-looking."
这个饭有点辣 (zhège fàn yǒudiǎn là) means "this meal is a little spicy."
一点 (yīdiǎn) is used to describe a small amount or degree of something, but it is often used to describe a noun or a verb. For example:

我想吃一点苹果 (wǒ xiǎng chī yīdiǎn píngguǒ) means "I want to eat a little bit of apples."
我会说一点中文 (wǒ huì shuō yīdiǎn zhōngwén) means "I can speak a little bit of Chinese."
In general, 一点 (yīdiǎn) is more commonly used than 有点 (yǒudiǎn) in Chinese. However, both can be used to describe a small amount or degree of something, and the choice between them depends on the context and the specific word or phrase that they are modifying.

有点 (yǒudiǎn) VS 一点 (yīdiǎn) 

what is the difference between 不 and 没有？


不 (bù) and 没有 (méi yǒu) are both negation words in Chinese, but they are used in slightly different ways.

不 (bù) is an adverb that negates the verb or adjective that follows it. It is used to express "not" or "no."

For example:

我不喜欢吃苹果 (wǒ bù xǐ huān chī píng guǒ) - I don't like eating apples

他不是医生 (tā bù shì yī shēng) - He is not a doctor

没有 (méi yǒu) is used to negate the verb in the past tense or to express "not have." It is often used in combination with a verb in the past tense to indicate that something did not happen.

For example:

我没有吃早饭 (wǒ méi yǒu chī zǎo fàn) - I didn't eat breakfast

他没有去过北京 (tā méi yǒu qù guo běi jīng) - He has not been to Beijing