The breakthroughs in medical science are the most significant advances in the world over the last two centuries. One might say that medical science has made extraordinary breakthroughs over the past two centuries and that these achievements are by far more important than developments in other areas. In my opinion, considerable breakthroughs been accomplished not only in medicine, but also in other areas, such as physics, information technology and education. Humans have benefited from medical advances greatly since the start of the modern period. Fatality rates have dropped dramatically (have they?! It’s still 100%!) and life expectancy has reached over 70 thanks to new medicines and treatments discovered. Fatal diseases, such as small pox, have been eradicated. Surgeons nowadays use robots to do more accurate operations with stable knives. Advanced imaging techniques, including X-rays, CT scans and MRI, are helpful for doctors to diagnose patients and detect early stage cancers and other ailments. On the other hand, significant advances have occurred in other fields too. As mentioned in the previous paragraph about technology in medicine, those advancements are partly credited to engineering and information technology. Apart from medicine, physics, for example, has enabled people to travel to space and control nuclear energy. Looking at social systems, public education (is this really a breakthrough?) has made great progress with literacy hightened. Schools have contributed to the source of reliable workers for the mass-production economy. These changes which have happened over the past centuries are all important in their own context, and it is hard to determine which is the most influencial because there is no measurement for cross-discipline achievements. To summarise, although medical science has advanced greatly, so have the other fields. It is debatable whether medical developments are the most important over the past two centuries.