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Olai
Hi! :)
Studying tenses has brought up some new questions. I've tried to explain my thoughts as far as possible so you can provide me with the rules I'm missing. Because I'd like to know *why* the sentences I wrote below are used this way (I just don't like to "know" grammar rules only by ear …)
1. I'm happy when my cast is removed. (= I'm looking forward to THAT day, not talking about getting a cast removed in general.)
Present simple??? I don't know any grammar rules that could come into use here but it sounds good to me. But I think writing it in the present simple tense could mean "in general"? E.g. I've broken my leg many times and I'm always happy when my cast is removed.
2. You didn't do anything wrong.
Sounds most natural to me but I haven't got the faintest why the past simple is actually used here? Do I also use the simple past tense when it's still important at the moment of speaking? Or would the present perfect be more appropriate (E.g. I'm not mad at you, you haven't done anything wrong.)?
3. She has lost the necklace that I gave her.
I'd have written it like this, too, but I was wondering why it's not "had given" (to make the order of events clear)? Because it'd also be "Yesterday, she lost the necklace I had given her" or am I mistaken?
4. I found that book you had sent last summer interesting.
Could "I've found" also be used in this context? "Had sent" or just "sent"? I think it's the same (or a similar) confusing question as in the sentence above.
5. I was tired, so I didn't go to the party.
Does it make sense to use the past perfect here? Because it led to a result (+ order of events), doesn't it? E.g. I had been tired, so I didn't go to the party. (It sounds so wrong to me.)
6. They had started eating before we arrived yesterday.
Can I use a finished time word with the past perfect (because I know that I can absolutely not use it with the present perfect)? Same uncertainty with the 4th sentence. Or does "yesterday" belong to "we arrive …"?
Oct 29, 2021 10:47 PM
Answers · 12
1
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October 30, 2021
1
The sentence in 1 is usually going to be wrong. If you're talking about the future, you'd typically say 'I'll be happy when/after my cast is removed." However, you can say things in the present to make them seem more general and emphatic. (I'm happy when you give me things (i.e. Please give me something now so that I will be happy))
As far as the others, you are just writing sentences that could have same or different meanings depending on the context, or which could be a result of regional differences. .
She lost the necklace I gave her. (unambiguous)
She's lost the necklace I gave her. (slightly emphasizes the result of the action of losing compared to the first)
She lost the necklace I'd given her. (adds the 'information' that the giving preceded the losing)
She's lost the necklace I'd given her. (emphasizes the result compared to the previous)
October 30, 2021
1
David gave a good answer. I’ll just make a few additional comments.
1. Look up the future real conditional (1st conditional) and the present real conditional (zero conditional) for more information. They both use the present tense in the subordinate clause (the if-clause, before/when/after-clause, etc.), but the 1st conditional uses the future tense in the main clause (the “then-clause”), while the zero conditional uses the present in both clauses.
2. For colloquial American English, the rule is that if you can’t decide between the present perfect and the simple past, just use the simple past :)
For the others, we wouldn’t usually use the past perfect. We mainly use the past perfect when necessary to specify that an action took place before another in the past. If we use a word like “before”, or if we simply state the events in the order in which they really occurred, there is no particular need for the past perfect.
October 30, 2021
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Olai
Language Skills
English, German
Learning Language
English
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