hahah passing the "vibe check" is basically checking to see if you're cool or if you are a good person etc etc. It's just a test to see if you're the kind of person that they like or that they can hang out with. as far as translating it into chinese. . . i guess i could help you out with some paraphrasing and then you can try translating the paraphrases, but this is a highly idiomatic phrase so there might not be any sort of direct translation
"you have passed the vibe check" = I have tested you and decided that we can be friends
"you have failed the vibe check" = i have decided that you and i cannot get along well because of a difference in our opinions or personality.
gosh hopefully that helps. the "vibe check" is relatively new slang so it's kind of fun to play around with.