Thanks for sharing, i find it's interesting too to know the differences.

I personally feel that Taiwanese pronunciation is softer, and has longer particle sounds, I,E., a..ya..la.. However, mianland China we talk sounds more harsh and faster.  Sometimes I got surpirsed by how fast people talks and I couldn't understand them as myself is a native speaker.-.-||

I also think the difference of two people speaks involve to different culture and lifestyle.  And my point is mainland China/Chinese still have years to improve in all aspects, then people can be more relax and happier :)

This is what I find on the Internet. Some of them might not be updated.

１食物

橙子——柳丁
菠萝——凤梨
猕猴桃——奇异果
番石榴——芭乐
章鱼——花枝
吞拿鱼/金枪鱼——鲔鱼
三文鱼——鲑鱼
御田（这是什么东西？）——黑轮
酸奶——优格/优酪乳
凉粉——仙草 （话说，如果叫做“仙草”的话，就会比“凉粉”卖得要贵，其实是一个东西！）
巨无霸——大麦克
赛百味——潜艇堡
方便面——速食面
蒸蒸糕——状元糕
花生——土豆 （难以理解）
河粉——粿条
粉丝——冬粉
西兰花——花椰菜
冰棒——冰棍
薯片——洋芋片
空心菜——通菜（广东也是这个说法）
巧克力——朱古力(粤语也是这个说法)
圣代——新地
现场做的蛋卷冰激淋——叭噗

2地名：
意大利——义大利
柬埔寨——高棉
老挝——寮国
朝鲜——北韩（大陆民间还有这样说）
马尔代夫——马尔蒂夫
新西兰——纽西兰
悉尼——雪梨
戛纳——坎城
佛罗伦萨－翡冷翠 （美宝小撇步：“翡冷翠”是徐志摩首译出来的名字，个人觉得比“佛罗伦萨”更好听诶）

This might not be what you're asking about, but I've noticed that speakers from Taiwan seem to pronounce things a lot more nasally, and pronounce the "r" sound (and probably zhi,chi,shi) less...rrrry?... The tongue is probably lower in the mouth. I've also heard that they have many fewer syllables with the neutral tone, but my ability to distinguish tones isn't really good enough to notice.

Many people in each provinces came to taiwan. God know where it came from.

Both of them in first examples are used. I guess some different due to accent.

For example people in jing xi province always pronounce 會(hui) as fei

I had ever seen a document we had united words to deal with foreign worlds.

ya la... I think that is auxiliary. Nowadaays these words are used a lot.

Personally I think that help them telling from attitude.

Cause they were in Patriarchy society

If you dont use those words, some sentence may be thought terriblely

That is why they now like to pretend to be cute

You didn't see my topic clearly. I said there are two types: first one is the differences between pronunciation; the second type is we use words differently.