Geez that’s not one question...
There are many questions in here...
First one: What’s the matter ?
What - mokak da - මොකක් ද (informal/as in daily conversation)
What - kumak da - කුමක් ද (formal/as in books)
matter - prashne - ප්රශ්නේ (informal/as in daily conversation)
matter - prashnaya - ප්රශ්නය (formal/as in books)
To sum things up,
Informal:
Mokak-da prashne ?
මොකක් ද ප්රශ්නේ ?
Formal:
kumak-da prashnaya ?
කුමක් ද ප්රශ්නය ?
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Second one: How is your cold?
How - kohomada - කොහොමද (informal/as in daily conversation)
How - keseda - කෙසේද (formal/as in books)
Your - oyage - ඔයාගේ (informal/as in daily conversation)
Your - obage - ඔබගේ (formal/as in books)
Now here comes the tongue twister
cold - hem-biris-saawa - හෙම්බිරිස්සාව (informal/as in daily conversation)
cold - sem-prathish-shawa - සෙම්ප්රරතිෂ්ශයාව (formal/as in books)
To sum things up,
Informal:
kohomada hem-biris-saawa ?
කොහොමද හෙම්බිරිස්සාව ?
Formal:
kelesada Sem-prathish-shawa ?
කෙලෙසද සෙම්ප්රරතිෂ්ශයාව ?
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Third One: Are you getting better now?
now - dan - දැන්
getting better - sanipada - සනීපද
“Are you” is implied as in Japanese. Wathashiva/anathava can be omitted depending on the context. .. right ? If you want you can use - Your (Oyage) in the beginning of the sentence. But it is not necessary.
To sum things up,
Formal/Informal
Dan sanipada ?
දැන් සනීපද ?
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Forth One: Take care
As I have mentioned in a previous post, there is no phrase to match this English sentence in Sinhala. I think because, logically speaking there is no need to say to anyone to take care of him or her. They will do it anyway. So saying, "take care" is for formality sake only. There are not many sheer formality sentences in Sinhala.
You can use - May the triple Gem bless you - "Theruwan Saranayi" - තෙරුවන් සරණයි in its place.
^_^