"To lose something"
When talking about losing something, what is the common way to say this in Mandarin. For example how would you say I lost my book, could you say 我遗失我的书。
If that is totally wrong.
In what context is 遗失 used.

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hmmm...i agree with above people~and cheer up ,joe~seem that ur Chinese is flying ..haha

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"遗失" is common in writing Mandarin. "I lost my book" means "我弄丢了我的书" or "我丢了我的书"。“我的书不见了”or  " 我的书丢了” are both free translation. because "lost" in the sentence is a verb. in addition, you translate it into "我遗失了我的书". It sounds more influent. "了" in Mandarin always means something has occurred.I wish I can help you.

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我把我的书弄丢了。It means something commen.  遗失or失落 also always in book.

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I lost my book in chinese is “我的书不见了"
"遗失" usually used in  writing,不见了/丢了used in the spoken language,their meaning is the same.

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lost=丢（口语），一般说“丢”就可以了。
遗失听起来更加高雅。