In Spanish language, a sentence is an expression that expresses a complete idea, and consists of two parts: 1. The subject and 2. The predicate.
1. The subject is from which we talk, whom the sentence refers. The subject in turn, is composed of:
1.1 The core or substantive, which is the word that refers to the person, animal or thing spoken of and without it, the subject loses its meaning.
Examples of subject core.
Juan. (Jhon)
Perros. (Dogs)
Casas. (Houses)
Nosotros. (We)
Montaña. (Mountain)
Sometimes, the subject is not in the sentence, but rather appears from the conjugation of the verb. This is called morphological, tacit or omitted Subject.
Examples of tacit, morphological or omitted subject:
Caminé - I walked. (Subject: yo)
Viene - He Comes (Subject: él)
Lo harás - You will do it (subject: tú)
Llegamos - We arrived (Subject: Nosotros)
Avancen - Advance (Subject: Ustedes)
1.2 The Modifiers: These are the words which function to modify the noun. The modifiers are:
1.2.1 The article, which can be: 1. Determined [el, la, los, las] or 2. Undetermined: [un, una] and they indicate who or what we are talking of. It is wrong to use articles with proper names.
Examples of subject modifiers:
El Bote (The Boat)
un edificio (A building)
La noche (The night)
Una camioneta (A truck)
Los Árboles (The Trees)
1.2.2. The adjectives. They are noun modifiers. They describe some quality or feature:
Examples of noun modifiers:
Casa vieja - Old House
Quince burros - Fifteen donkeys
Mi bote - My boat
Tu balón - Your ball
Campo verde - Green field.