If you 자백하다, you confess (almost) whole thing about it for yourself. But what you told has nothing to do with truth or not, though.
* He made a clean breast of his crime. 그는 범죄에 관한 모든 것을 자백했다.
When you 인정하다, you admit your doing. In this case, you just accept the thing given to you, like evidences or a question...an inferences.
* He acknowledged it to be true. 그는 그것을 사실이라고 인정했다.
* He recognized the knife as his own. 그는 그 칼이 자신의 것이라고 인정했다.