what's your level of chinese?i ask you this questions because among these sentences you have given ,many of them are used in idioms or proverbs,especially the "为"in 1,3,4,5 ,you should first know well about the "为"in the sentences 2,身为家庭主妇,here,"身为"="作为“,means "as being a housewife"or act as a housewife",the kind of meaning we use it a lot,and the last sentence,here ,"为"means "是",this is a question of math ,in many math questions ,they prefer to use "为" to replace "是".maybe you can find some daily-used sentences of "为" first.^_^