unlike to Anglo-Saxon language, Korean and some other lanaguag such as Turkish, Hungarian, Japanese, Mongolian have typical way to express tense, respect, question and etc, by adding suffix right after the root of verbs. In Korean language, 가 (Ga) is the root of a verb which has similar meaning of "Go" in English. We transform 가 (GA) with various suffixes as follows: <tense> 가다 Ga-Da : means somebody/something goes (present simple) 갔다 Ga-t-Ta : means somebody/something went (past simple) 갈 것이다 Ga-l-Ko-Si-Da : means somebody/something will go (future simple) 가고 있다Ga-go-It-Ta : means somebody is going (present continuous) 가고 있었다 Ga-go-It-Sot-Ta : means somebody was going (past continuous) 가고 있을 것이다 Ga-go-It-Sul-Go-Si-Da : means somebody wll be going (future continuous) <question> 갑니까 Ga-m-Ni-Ka? : means does somebody go? (present simple question) 갔습니까 Ga-t-Sum-Ni-Ka? : means did somebody go? (past simple question) 갈 것입니까 Ga-l-Got-Sim-Ni-Ka? : means will somebody go? (future simple question) <respect> 가십니까 Ga-Sim-Ni-Ka? : asking somebody if he/she is going somewhere with respect Please remember all of above expression is somewhat formal, in real world slightly transformed suffixes are used for making them more informal, which I will give you next time. Now, when you hear Sim-Ni-Ka, you understand it is a suffix for asking if somebody is doing something or if somebody is going to do something. You must have heard An-Nyoung Ha-Sim-Ni-Ka many times. This means "How are you?" If we look into it, An-Nyoung is a noun meaning "very good in health or everything" and Ha is used to make An-Nyoung as a verb. Now An-Nyoung-Ha becomes a root of a verb and Sim-Ni-Ka is added to make a question with some respect. Heesu