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Jonathan Studd
How do I know when to use the verb tenses for "to have" and when to use "to be"?
May 6, 2016 1:39 AM
Answers · 1
Ciao! You use "essere" with intransitive verbs.
*Remember that the participle must agree in gender and number.
You can use essere with verbs that deal with motion or existence:
-andare
Sono andato in Germania. I went to Germany. (m. singular)
Sono andata in Germania. (f. singular)
Siamo andati in Germania. We went to Germany. (m/f plural)
Siamo andate in Germania. (f plural)
-venire
I miei amici sono venuti a trovarmi. My friends came to visit me.
-essere
Sono stato in Italia. I was in Italy
You also use "essere" in the reflexive forms. For example:
-lavarsi
Mi sono (essere) lavata la faccia. I washed my face.
Mi sono vestita. I got dressed.
Avere is usually used with transitive verbs, such as:
-amare
Ho amato Luca. I loved Luca.
-prendere
Ho preso un caffe'. I got a coffee.
-comprare
Ho comprato un libro. I bought a book
I noticed that there are verbs that can take both "avere" and "essere":
Ex: vivere
Ho vissuto in Inghilterra per 3 anni.
or Sono vissuto in Inghilterra per 3 anni.
You can see a difference between "correre" being use as a transitive verb and a non transitive verb:
Ho corso una maratona. I ran a marathon.
or Sono corsa all'universita'. I ran to the university.
I am sure a native speaker can tell you more! :)
May 6, 2016
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Jonathan Studd
Language Skills
English, Italian
Learning Language
Italian
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