Hi Akos!
In spoken English, the common tenses used are:
1) Simple Present Tense - to talk about routines or facts (e.g. I brush my teeth in the morning)
2) Present Continuous Tense - to talk about things that are happening at that moment (e.g. I am using my computer now)
3) Simple Past Tense - to talk about things that happened in the past at a specified time (e.g. I visited Paris last year)
4) Present Perfect Tense - to talk about things that happened in the past at an unknown time (e.g. I have visited Paris)
5) Simple Future Tense - to talk about future events or plans (e.g. I will watch a movie tomorrow)
There are other tenses that we use as well, but these are the most common! I hope this helps! Good luck!