1- It wasn't enough time.
Normal usage, neither formal nor informal. Only use this one if the topic (project, assignment, whatever it is that requires time) is already understood between both speakers.
2- I haven't enough time.
Uncommon in American English, common (I believe) in British English.
This would be considered kind of formal in American English, however if I were to use this, other Americans might think I am weird/pretentious. We would not think this about British speakers.
3- I don't have enough time.
Normal, neither formal nor informal.
4- I hadn't enough time.
Same as #2. Normal for British English, formal/awkward for American English. I would never say this.
5- I didn't have enough time.
Normal, neither formal nor informal.
Hope this helps