What is the general rule of foreign word orthography in Thai?
- Just one rule is that in the concept of "EASY TO READ" and it will preserve the most of original sounds(pronunciation) with some exceptions depend on which language the word come from. Words from different languages will be written in Thai in different ways of transliteration. So the same words come from Korean and English have two ways of transliteration, but the most precise is always one from the original language. e.g. your name in Korean is 박희섭, and "Park Hee Sob" in English(It should be written as "Park Hee Seob" though) can be written in Thai as 1. พักฮีซ็อบ(from Korean) 2.ปาร์คฮีซ็อบ(from English) based on Office of the Royal Society of transliteration.
Reference of General Rules:
http://www.royin.go.th/?page_id=617
Transliteration from Korean:
http://www.royin.go.th/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/2345_7317.pdf (see page 3-9 of New System 2000)
Transliteration from English:
http://www.royin.go.th/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/2371_6847.pdf
Unfortunately, I can't find the English version, so TRY to use translation/language tools to look up in more deep.
However, here is the common way to do a transliteration based on my knowledge and experience of learning Korean.
Consonants:
Korean - Jamo - Thai
ㄱ g ค(F) ก(i, f)
ㄴ n น
ㄷ d ท(F) ด(i, f)
ㄹ r/l ร(F, i not preceded by ㄹ) / ล(f, i preceded by ㄹ)*
ㅁ m ม
ㅂ b พ(F) บ(i, f)
ㅅ s t ซ(F, i) ด(f)
ㅇ - ng อ(F, i) ง(f)
ㅈ j t จ(F, i) ด(f)
ㅊ ch t ช(F, i) ด(f)
ㅋ k ค
ㅌ t ท
ㅍ p พ
ㅎ h ฮ
ㄲ kk ก
ㄸ tt ต
ㅃ pp ป
ㅆ ss ซ(F, i) ด(f)
ㅉ jj จ(F, i) ด(f)
F = First word, i = initial, f = final
Complex final consonants:
ᆪ ks กซ ᆬ nj นจ ᆭ nh นฮ ᆰ lg ลก ᆱ lm ลม ᆲ lb ลบ ᆳ ls ลซ ᆴ lt ลท ᆵ lp ลพ ᆶ lh ลฮ* ᆹ bs บซ
Vowels:
ㅏ a ั/าㅐ ae แ
ㅑ ya ยาㅒ yae แย
ㅓ eo อㅔ e เ
ㅕ yeo ยอㅖ ye เย
ㅗ o โ ㅘ wa วา
ㅛ yo โย ㅙ wae แว
ㅚ oe เว
ㅜ u อุ/อู ㅝ wo วอ
ㅠ yu ยู ㅞ we เว
ㅟ wi วี
ㅡ eu ึ/ื ㅢ ui อุย/ี *
ㅣ i ี
For ㅢ :
의사 อึยซา (First word without final use อึย)
희진 ฮีจิน
정의 จองอี