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nayoon
What's the meaning and use of these structures?
-다 뿐(이다)
-ㄴ/는 수 있다/없다
-ㄴ/는/ㄹ 바
-ㄹ 바에야(+바에(는))
-느니 (+ 느니.... 느니 하다)
-ㄹ 양(으로))
-ㄴ/는 양
-ㄹ 수가 있어야죠
-ㄴ -던 적이 있다/없다
-ㄹ 적에/적마다
-ㄴ 지 (됐다) (negative and affirmative clauses before 지 mean the same thing in this case?)
Jul 2, 2017 10:10 PM
Answers · 2
-ㄹ 양(으로)). Meaning to (do something). With an intention to. (양 = 의도)
* 동생을 도와줄 양으로 돈을 꾸어 왔다 - (He/she) borrowed money from someone to help his younger bother.
-ㄴ/는 양. As if (doing something). Short for -ㄴ/는 양으로 = -ㄴ/는 모습으로 = -ㄴ/는 듯이 (양 = 모습)
* 동료의 불행을 보고 즐겁기라도 한 양 웃고 있다 = He's smiling as if gloating over his companion's misfortune.
-ㄹ 수가 있어야죠. (rhetorical) Nothing I can do when I can't ...
* 교통이 막혀서 빨리 갈 수가 있어야죠. I can't seem to get through this congested traffic anytime soon.
-ㄴ -던 적이 있다/없다. I have (ever/never) done something. States an experience in the past. (적 = occasion, time)
* 어릴 떄 팔이 부러졌던 적이 있다 - I once had my arm broken when I was small.
* 난 한 번도 친구가 청하는 도움을 거절한 적이 없다 - I have never said no to a friend asking for help.
-ㄹ 적에/적마다. Every time / whenever (something happens). (적 = 때 = time, 마다 = every).
* 바람이 불 적마다 창문이 윙윙거린다 - The window vibrates whenever the wind blows.
-ㄴ 지 (됐다) (negative and affirmative clauses before 지 mean the same thing in this case?)
1. 영어 공부 한 지 2년이나 됐다 - It's been two years since I last studied English.
2. 영어 공부 안 한 지 2년이나 됐다 - It's been two years since I stopped studying English.
* (1) means 마지막으로 한 지, while (2) means 안 하기 시작한 지 (since I started to get by without studying English).
* Both are understood fine, because there is one possible obvious meaning in such simple cases.
뿐, 수, 바, 양, 적, 지 are all what they call dependent or bound nouns. They are only used in these set expressions.
July 3, 2017
-다 뿐(이다). it's only/just ... 것, -ㄹ, and -다 can come before 뿐(이다).
* 내 생각을 말한 것 뿐이야 - I just voiced my opinion. That's all.
* 세상은 계속 돌아갈 뿐(이고), 달라진 건 없다 - The world will keep on turning, with nothing changed.
* 화가 났다 뿐이야? - Got angry? That would be an understatement. (-다 뿐이다 usually makes a rhetorical question)
-는 수 있다/없다. -는 수(가) 있다 = It sometimes so happens that ... -는 수(는) 없다 = it won't do/work to ...
* 한여름엔 갑작스럽게 소나기가 내리는 수가 있다 = In summer, a shower sometimes falls seemingly out of nowhere.
* 하는 수(가) 없다 = 할 수 없다 = We have no choice (but to look for other ways).
* 그러는 수는 없다 = 그렇게 하는 수는 없다 = That won't work / That is not going to work out. ('는' is needed for the flow)
* 그럴 수 없어 = 그렇게 하지 못하겠어 = 그렇게 못해 = I can't do that. (-ㄹ 수(가/는) 있다/없다 is more common)
(-는 수(는/가) 있다/없다 is about facts and principles, while -ㄹ 수(가/는) 있다/없다 is about a possibility or intention)
-ㄴ/는/ㄹ 바. 바 means a sense, point, fact, or an occasion for something, in a formal context.
* 회장님은 이 단체에 거액을 기부한 바(가) 있습니다 - The chairman has in fact donated a large sum to this institution.
* 그것에 대해 아는 바(가) 없습니다 - I have know knowledge about that.
* 그건 내가 알 바(가) 아니다 - It is none of my business.
-ㄹ 바에야(+바에는). "rather than (doing something), I would (do something else) instead".
* 그럴 바에는 [바에야] (차라리) 장사를 그만두겠다 - I'd rather fold my shop than do such a thing.
-느니 (+ 느니.... 느니 하다). 1. "would rather/sooner A than B" (single -느니) 2. keep saying A and then B, and whatnot.
* 그러느니 (차라리) 장사를 그만두겠다 = 그렇게 하느니 ... = 그럴 바에야 ...
* 이혼하겠다느니 죽어버리겠다느니 한다 - (He/she)'s talking divorce in one breath and suicide in the next.
July 3, 2017
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nayoon
Language Skills
Bulgarian, English, Korean, Polish, Russian
Learning Language
Bulgarian, Russian
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