Soft opposition——Strong opposition——Total Dismissal

Verb upgrad bank——Questioning or Disagreeing

抱怨,学术语境下指指出缺陷或不满，常带批判性
Feminist critics complain that traditional literary histories systematically marginalise women writers by categorising them as "domestic" rather than "universal."

限定，承认部分正确，但加上重要限制条件
While acknowledging AI's efficiency, the author qualifies his endorsement by noting that algorithmic translation often fails to capture cultural nuance.

复杂化，指出问题比之前认为的更复杂
This new reading complicates the prevailing view of Gatsby as a mere romantic, revealing his complicity in the very consumerism he critiques.

质疑，对假设或结论提出疑问
Recent archival discoveries question the long-held assumption that the manuscript was written in 1610.

主张/辩称，在辩论中提出自己的论点，通常是为了反驳对方
Postcolonial scholars contend that Said’s model, while groundbreaking, sometimes overlooks the agency of local intellectuals.

驳斥，用证据直接证明对方错误
The essay refutes the biographical interpretation of the poem by demonstrating that its tropes were common literary conventions of the era.

与…矛盾，指出逻辑或事实上的直接冲突
The novel’s bleak ending directly contradicts the protagonist’s earlier optimism, suggesting a collapse of the narrative’s ideological premise.

拒绝，彻底否决某种理论、方法或解读
New Historicists reject the notion of literature as an autonomous aesthetic object, insisting instead on its embeddedness in social power structures.

否认，拒绝给予或拒绝承认
The author denies the reader the comfort of a stable narrator, forcing us to confront the text's inherent unreliability.

宣布放弃/摈弃，正式抛弃某种信仰、立场或身份，语气庄重
In his later works, the philosopher renounces his earlier structuralist allegiances in favour of a more fluid hermeneutics.

谴责…的倾向，强烈批评某种普遍的学术风气或做法
Scholars deplore the tendency to reduce complex postcolonial identities to simplistic binary oppositions between East and West.

批判/否认，比 reject 更彻底，常含道德或理论上的彻底清算
The current critical consensus has repudiated the once-dominant New Critical approach for its deliberate ahistoricism.