Hi!
The verb учиться is followed by the questions что делать?(what to do) где?(where)
Example: Я учусь играТЬ на гитаре. Я учусь танцеваТЬ.
Example for где: Я учусь в университетЕ. Я учусь в России. As you see this verb is followed by the prepositions and noun in prepositional case when you speak about place (В России, В Китае, В университете).
The verb изучать is followed by the question что?(what) and noun in accusative without prepositions. The meaning of it is to learn the object in details, carefully.
Example: Я изучаю историю Китая. Я изучаю русский язык. Я изучаю экономику.
So, about your examples, as you see, "Я изучаю по-русски" and "Я учусь по-русски" have no difference because both of them are incorrect. По-русски is an adverb, you may say Я говорю по-русски (I can speak russian).
Good luck!