1. He did it in twice the time it took me. = CORRECT
2. He did it in double the time it took me. = CORRECT, but #1 is more natural
3. He did it in twice as much time as it took me. = CORRECT
4. He did it in twice as much time as I spent. = CORRECT but awkward. "He spent twice as much time as I did."
5. He did it in as much time as I spent to make it. = "He spent as much time as I did."
6. He spent as much time as I did to make it. = CORRECT