Deux enfants- the deux is like 'duh' without any sarcastic intonation.
douze- yep it's like doo with a z at the end
Actually there is a liason difference, too, but it's subtle. deux enfants->the z sound is with enfants
douze enfants-the z sound is with the douze
This difference may seem like nothing, but it is there, though I wouldn't worry about that at all right now. I'm just letting you know it's there.