As a speaker of (nearly) British English, American English gives me the impression that there are no adverbs. My workmate often says things like, "It works good.". This absolutely sends shiver down my spine, using the adjective "good" where we need an adverb "well". It works well. :) gotten - yes, absolutely. Used in it's rare place in English & so frequently used in American. :) British uses "got" as the past participle. He's gotten better with time. :( He's got better with time. :) Just one example of simplified past participles. There are many, many word differences. Check out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_words_having_different_meanings_in_American_and_British_English:_A%E2%80%93L or http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/british-and-american-terms or http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/british-american.htm I suspect "wanna" & such are more common in the Americas. Spelling tends to be simpler in American eg cheque, colour

I think its mostly difference in accent. Certainly in the UK we understand most 'Americanisms'. But really, from a students point of view, I wouldn't worry about it. The differences aren't that great, as much as it pains me to say it.

There's quite a bit but not that much. Here's some: trunk (of a car) US - boot UK, row UK - argument or dispute USA, truck US - lorry UK, aluminum US - aluminium UK, line (like at a supermarket) US - queue UK, lieutenant (military and law enforcement rank) US - leftenant UK. I think that's all according to current rules.

'Learned' can be an adjective in English, if the last syllable is distinctly pronounced. It just means someone who is well read or educated. I didn't really answer your question specifically, did I? To be honest, I don't know the specifics of the past tense of 'got'. We are aware of the differences between UK and American English, so you should be understood, for the most part, but not always.

Interstate or freeway US - motorway UK. We pronounce the hard 'c' in schedule, the British just pronounce the 'sh'. I don't know how they spell it. ('skejel' and 'shedyoole', respectively, if that makes any sense to you.) I also think in general, American speech has less pitch variation than UK accents. It's more monotone.