This is just my opinion and may depend on people. We rarely use these phrases.
ドキュン, バキュン originally come from the sound (onomatopoeia) of a gun and a pistol which shoot your heart so it's an instant thing.
I guess キュン is related to the feeling at exact that moment and after that.
●キュンキュン: Your heart CONTINUOUSLY and very QUICKLY beats especially because of love to someone (or sometimes to something) and suffering from that.
Two キュンs are repeated so it's like a CONTINUOUS thing.
・例文1. : 彼女の事を思うと、胸がキュンキュンする。
When I think of her, my heart gets キュンキュン.
・例文2.: この犬かわいいね。胸がキュンキュンするわ。
What a cute dog! My heat gets キュンキュン.
●c.f. キュン: I think in this case, it's one-time thing.
・例文: 彼女の事を思うと胸がキュンとなる。
When I think of her, my heart gets キュン. ~ Every time I thing of her, every time my heart gets キュン.
●ドッキュン/ドキュン=ズッキュン/ズキュン: Your heart is SUDDENLY hit especially because of love to someone or something. I guess this feeling comes from your heart itself. Compare it with バキュン.
・例文: 彼女を初めて見たとき、僕はドキュンとした。
When I saw her for the first time, I got like ドキュン.
(The nuance is like my heart was SUDDENLY/IMMEDIATELY addicted to her)
●バッキュン/バキュン: This is similar to ドッキュン, but in this case SHE(or something) herself gives out バッキュン.
・例文: 彼女は僕の心をバキュンと打ち抜いた。
She hit my heart like バキュン or my heart was hit by her like バキュン.
c.f. For the real sound of a gun (not for feeling stuff), we often use パン:
例文: 「パン」と銃のような音を聞いた。何か重大な事件ではないといいのですが。
I heard "パン", which was like a sound of a gun. I hope this is not a serious happening