Hi Mark Kamyshansky,
Both 시다 and 시큼하다 means "sour, tart" and they are nearly 100% same..
Well, I would say the situation each word is used may be slightly different.
For example, "시다" is commonly used when describing lemons.
-->"레몬은 시다 (=a lemon is sour).
And "시큼하다" is often used when describing the taste of prepared food.
-->"식초를 너무 많이 넣은거 아니야? 너무 시큼한데" (don't you think you put too much vinegar here? It tastes too sour).
Hope it helps.