Hi Heesob, check this URL : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language I am not an expert in Bahasa Indonesia, I hope I don't mislead you. According to http://kbbi.web.id/ingin, "ingin" is an adverb. "ingin" = want. "Aku ingin (pergi) sekolah di Jakarta." I want to go to school in Jakarta. Wiki = 'the suffixes -kan (causative or benefactive)'. Wiki = 'the suffixes -i (locative, repetitive, or exhaustive)' In this case, "mengingini" has same meaning with "menginginkan" = "Aku mengingini sepatu baru." "Aku menginginkan sepatu baru." I want new shoes. But in wiki example, mendudukkan and menduduki have different meaning: mendudukkan = to sit someone down, give someone a seat, to appoint; while menduduki = to sit on, to occupy keinginan is a noun. "berkeinginan" = "Aku berkeinginan (pergi) sekolah di Jakarta." I have the desire to go to school in Jakarta. "inginkan" is not listed in http://kbbi.web.id/. We normally use it like this: "Yang aku inginkan adalah (pergi) sekolah di Jakarta." What I want is to go to school in Jakarta.

BER- VS. MEN--KAN / DI--KAN Some words are prefixed with beR- as intransitive verbs; they do not indicate an action which has a recipient. If -kan is added to the root word, however, these words can then have recipients, just like any other transitive verb, which means they are either active (agent focus) or passive (recipient focus); a 3rd possibility is imperative, when meN- is not used. The important thing to remember is that if there is a recipient (of the verb, not of a preposition), the verb must be transitive. For this set of words, that means adding -kan. If there is no recipient, the verb is intransitive, and FOR THIS SET OF WORDS (not all) that means using beR-. -I VS. -KAN VS. NO SUFFIX Like -kan, the suffix -i makes it possible for roots that would not otherwise have recipients to have them. In other words, it makes an intransitive word into a transitive verb (= a verb that can be made active or passive). Unlike -kan, -i means that the recipient is the place or person where the action ends up -- the recipient shows a LOCATION and IT DOES NOT GET MOVED OR CHANGED by the action of the verb. In many cases, the root plus the prepositions di, ke or dari can substitute for the transitive verb, meN- root -i: Some verbs can be transitive without -i, and take locational recipients when -i is added: Some words that describe a state or condition can use either -kan or - i to form transitive verbs with different kinds of recipients: A few words can be used with -kan and -i (when they're transitive) AND with beR- when they are intransitive (especially if they could be understood as a noun if they don't have any affixes)

CAUSATIVE -KAN: Instead of describing an action that somebody does to somebody or something, a word can describe a state or condition. Such words are not transitive, do not have a recipient/object, and therefore CANNOT focus on it, and DO NOT TAKE MEN-, DI-, ETC. Many stative words (both verbs and adjectives) can add -kan and then become transitive verbs, describing the activity of causing the state to happen to a recipient. With the -kan suffix, the verb can then be agent or object focus. BENEFACTIVE -KAN With verbs that are transitive without -kan (like those in the examples on the worksheet on active and passive), adding -kan makes it possible for them to take another recipient, in addition to the one they take without -kan. This recipient is a person who benefits from the action of the verb.

* agent focus and object focus In Indonesian, if the agent and/or the action is the main concern of the sentence, the "active" [= agent focus] form of the verb is used, which means the verb takes the prefix meN-*. Often, but not always, the agent will be the subject of an agent focus sentence. The exception is if the verb is in a "yang phrase" and the agent is not in that phrase; then, the agent is the predicate and the verb in the "yang phrase" is active. If the agent is in the "yang phrase" with the verb, the verb is "passive" [ = object focus]. If the recipient of the action is the main concern of the sentence, the "passive" [ = object focus] form of the verb is used. Often, but not always, the recipient will be the subject of a object focus sentence. The exception is as mentioned above: if the verb is in a "yang phrase" and the recipient is not in that phrase, the recipient is the predicate and the verb in the "yang phrase" is object focus. In the object focus, the verb is preceded either by (1) short forms of the intimate pronouns (ku-, kau-) or di-; or by (2) the full forms of the formal pronouns (saya; Anda, Saudara, Bapak, etc.;beliau); or by the plural pronouns (kami, kita, kalian, mereka). In all cases, NOTHING (no auxiliary word such as bisa, harus, akan, etc.) comes between the pronoun form and the verb stem. In the case of third person passive, the noun or pronoun (-nya) which designates the agent comes after the verb, optionally preceded by oleh ("by"). Except for sentences where the verb is in a yang phrase, the subject of a passive verb is the recipient, and often precedes the verb. With subject/predicate inversion the recipient-subject may come after the passive verb. Saya menjual tikar. Tikar itu saya jual.