1. 我去家 (I go home)
>>> 我回家。For example:
Where are you going? 你要去哪儿?
I go home. 我回家。
2. 我去家 (I went home) so from this I understand that it's impossible to tell if the action refers to the present or the past unless we listen to it in context.
>>> 我回家了。了 in Chinese is usually used as to say past tense. For example,:
Did you eat? 你吃了吗?
I ate. 我吃了。
3. 昨天去家 (Yesterday, I went home), this is clear to me.
>>> 昨天我回家了。
去 means to other place. For example,
I went your house to look for you. 我去了你家找你。
回 means to own's place. For example:
I went to my home, my office, etc. 我回了我家,我公司,等等。
4. 我去了家 (I went home) - Is this correct? If so, why not always use the character 了to avoid confusion?
>>> As I said above, I went home means 我回了家。
Hope this can help you.