The training of physicians in the US requires completing several steps:
1. Complete approximately 3 years of course in sciences, usually as part of completing a 4-year undergraduate university degree.
2. Complete a 4 year program at a medical school, earning either the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or the degree of Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (M.O.)
3. Complete a 1-year paid internship at a teaching hospital, which consists of working as a physician while being closely supervised by physicians with more experience.
4. Most physicians then complete an additional paid supervised training program, which is call a residency, that specializes in a particular area of medicine such as family medicine, internal medicine, cardiology, general surgery, a specialized area of surgery, psychiatry, and so on.
5. After successfully completing a residency and earning certification from the appropriate professional association, a physician is finally able to work as an independent physician in private practice or join a group practice.
A surgeon is a physician who has completed a residency program in surgery. Most surgeons specialize in one particular type of surgery.