Interlock => prevent, Alarm ==> notify
Need a little context. What is it from? What is the topic?
As with the others, I will guess. Maybe it is helpful.
An interlock is usually a device that helps prevent accidents. For example, if a big switch turns off Beijing's power, you might install an interlock to prevent it being used accidentally. As when someone might lean against it. Interlocks can be real barriers, extra electronics, other switches, or purely virtual, as in software. The idea is that another action (the interlock) must be done (turned off) first to allow the important or dangerous thing to happen.
"Alarm" is a very general word, as suggested by the others.
An alarm on the shop exit will sound if the door is opened.
To contrast these two, the interlock prevents an action, the alarm sounds if the action happens. Interlock => prevent, Alarm ==> notify
In engineering "Alarm" is not always noisy or bad. It can have a general sense of a message.
Obviously, an action on an interlock can generate an alarm. "Warning the interlock has been turned off!".
Any help?