Perception is the act or the effect of perceiving, ie. how you interpret what you see or hear.
Your perception of something, is your own view or interpretation of something.
I think English Rose described attitude well, but I feel the key difference is that an attitude is closer related to actions or behaviour. An attitude is often expressed, through words or behaviour - and can be perceived by others. Attitude could also be understood as "state of mind".
If a child is acting disrespectfully towards his teacher/parents, we would say that he has a "bad attitude".