Speaking of the grammatical function what does the preposition ‘by’ act as in this context?
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Answers · 2
1
By is just a preposition that means 'through the agency of'. It just tells us who performed the action.
You could say something like:
... because of the pepping up that our emphatic listener did.
But it's much easier to say by.
0
The sentence becomes clearer if you omit "up". It has no effect on the meaning.
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