1 and 3 are correct, but 2 is not. ไหม is a question word like 吗 in Chinese, while ค่ะ and คะ are polite ending particles by female. In general, ค่ะ is for statement, คะ is for question. In question, you can't have only คะ without question words(ไหม, อะไร, ทำไม, ไหน etc.), otherwise it will be considered as a statement and just using ค่ะ instead. So 2 is incorrect here!

Answer for using ไหม in No.1. กับข้าวอร่อยไหม is a question sentence which your friends ask you. ไหม in No.1 is corrects. Answer for using คะ in No.2and 3 . กับข้าวอร่อยคะ is your answer to your friends question in No.1 คะ in No. 2 and 3 is correct. คะ is use in polite forms of answers or questions.