Could you help me out? I am in a hurry.
Ethical and moral systems are different for every culture. According to cultural relativism, all of these systems are equally valid, and no system is better than another. The basis of cultural relativism is the notion that no true standards of good and evil actually exist. Therefore, judging whether something is right or wrong is based on individual societies’ beliefs, and any moral or ethical opinions are affected by an individual’s cultural perspective. There exists an inherent logical inconsistency in cultural relativism, however. If one accepts the idea that there is no right or wrong, then there exists no way to make judgments in the first place. To deal with this inconsistency, cultural relativism creates “tolerance.”

1)What does " judging whether something is right or wrong is based on individual societies’ beliefs, and any moral or ethical opinions are affected by an individual’s cultural perspective." mean?

Question

Could you help me out? I am in a hurry.
Ethical and moral systems are different for every culture. According to cultural relativism, all of these systems are equally valid, and no system is better than another. The basis of cultural relativism is the notion that no true standards of good and evil actually exist. Therefore, judging whether something is right or wrong is based on individual societies’ beliefs, and any moral or ethical opinions are affected by an individual’s cultural perspective. There exists an inherent logical inconsistency in cultural relativism, however. If one accepts the idea that there is no right or wrong, then there exists no way to make judgments in the first place. To deal with this inconsistency, cultural relativism creates “tolerance.”

1)What does " judging whether something is right or wrong is based on individual societies’ beliefs, and any moral or ethical opinions are affected by an individual’s cultural perspective." mean?

Answer

According to this philosophy, right/wrong, good/evil, etc. are decided by each culture or society. The individuals living in a society or culture then see ethics and morality through the lens of their society or culture. In my opinion, the second statement is a philosophical give, i.e., we all experience the world through the lens of our home language and culture. I disagree, however, with the first statement. For example, you might belong to a gang that thinks murder is okay as long as it is outside of your gang or tribe. In my mind that doesn't make it right.

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