It would depend upon the situation and the person saying it, but essentially means there is a lot of information either to be discussed or taught/presented.
Example scenarios:
- Classroom: teacher says "we have a lot to cover this morning", to mean a significant amount of the study material will be taught this morning.
- Work: manager/boss in a meeting says "we have a lot to cover..." means there will be a lot of information presented to you, so listen attentively and do not ask questions! Haha