here out is an adj or adv? i saw an old man out clipping his hedge.

i cant understand the words here the language barrier presents itself in stark form to firms who wish to market their products in other countries. what is the meaning of present here?can anyone tell me several commonly used meaning of this word?better if examples given. and what does stark here mean?

thank you for all your love through the years i wanna know if the through here can be replaced by over? and why? any difference between them

ielts exam today's morning, i attended an ielts exam.it was the third time i took part in this test.i have been struggling with english for half of a year and i still cant achieve my original goals.i wanna get a 7 in this exam because i m going to britain to get a master's degree.but it seems that i couldn't get what i want.in the reading part,i failed because there were 5 questions unacomplished and i also had to speculate some questions simply because i was not sure which option was right.however,as to listening test,i did generally well. i would start another circle of study which i m not so confident with.

i cant discriminate from different preposition,like in,on,at ,into,onto, can someone help me to interpret these usages in a brief way,better if some examples supplemented,thanks a million!