Dark L is velarized and usually is at the end of the syllable but some dialects / speakers use dark L everywhere. Velarized: These are sounds where the back of the tongue is raised slightly (towards the soft palate).

The difference between a final light L and a final dark L is similar to that between a final N and a final NG in standard Chinese. Assuming that you can pronounce both finals (N and NG), say them and note the tongue positions — the light L will use the N tongue position, and the dark L will use the NG position. In the words you’ve listed, note that the dark L sounds are syllabic. The exception is “world”, although even there, you may sound better if you pronounce it as 1.5 syllables. I’m a phonology nerd, so you can feel free to contact me with any follow-up questions.

Actually, many Americans use the dark L pretty much all the time, even if the L is at the beginning of the word. My opinion is , , , the tongue is hardly involved at all, and most of the sound comes from the back of your mouth, similar to the French R. But Chris is probably right - you might need a teacher to totally get it.

Hi Van. For pronunciation your best option it to find a teacher. If you are interested I am a certified ESL teacher and a native English speaker. As an alternative option there are online resources I would recommend such as forvo.com you can also do shadowing exercises.

Hi @Van! Don't be discouraged. To pronounce the dark l, the tip of your tongue should rise up and press against the back of your top teeth. As a language learner, I always listen to audio recordings and imitate it. Also, when you are practicing, do it slowly. Always observe the shape of your mouth so that you can produce the sounds correctly. I hope this helps. Thank you!