1) The じゃ in これじゃ is a colloquial, collapsed form of では.
では, as you might know, consists of the case particle (格助詞) 「で」 and the adverbial particle (副助詞), 「contrastive は」.
2) じゃん in だめじゃん is a colloquial, shortened form of 「ではないか?」 So, here again, じゃ in だめじゃん! is a collapsed form of では. (ではないか is shortened into →じゃないか?ditto→じゃない?ditto→じゃん?) 「だめではないか?」literally means "Isn't it useless/hopeless/impossible/no good?", practically meaning you think "it's no good", =「だめだよ」!
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The sentence ending じゃ is a colloquial, collapsed form of だ.
だ/じゃ are NOT sentence-ending particles(終助詞). they are "copulas"(断定の助動詞「だ」「です」), the casual versions of です.
E.g.: The「だ」in 「君の絵はきれいだ」is a copula. You can also say it as 「君の絵はきれいです」.
The 「ね」「よ」「な」etc. in「君の絵はきれいですね」「君の絵はきれいですよ」「君の絵はきれいだな」are the sentence-ending particles.