They are very similar, though they have slightly different meanings. "criticize" is commonly used, whereas "scold" is less common. You could say your boss "scolded" you, but "criticize" seems more appropriate (to me anyway!). In my experience, a mother would "scold" a child. "rebuke" is very rarely used - I don't think I have ever heard anyone say the word "rebuke" in conversation. I have seen it written, but very rarely. If in doubt, use "criticize" as it fits most situations, whereas "scold" seems (to me) to only fit certain situations. P.S. I am not a professional, only a native English speaker :)

I would translated criticize as 批评 or 指责. It has a more formal and structured, possibly logical and constructive purpose. 训斥 has the same hierarchy as rebuke or dress down as well as a somewhat formal usage. scold is like 臭骂, the tone is somewhat demeaning and less formal in usage. I would hope your boss would be criticizing you (your work, attitude or performance), but depending upon the circumstance, any of the three words is possible.

That's English question. Not Chinese.