(Part I) English and Spanish structural differences (personal pronouns and two verbs "To be"): If you are an English native speaker you will find that there are a lot of features that make Spanish (and any other romance language) different from English. Perhaps the most basic is a second formal personal pronoun for the second singular person and two forms for the informal you, and a second formal personal pronoun for the second plural person and just one form to the informal you that’s only used in Spain. I Yo You Tú/Vos/Usted He Él She Ella It ------- We Nosotros (mas) / Nosotras (fem) You Vosotros (mas) / Vosotras (fem) / Ustedes They Ellos (mas) / Ellas (fem) Then we have two forms for the verb “to be”, one to indicate lasting features or a way of being (ser) and the other to indicate a temporary location or a temporary state (estar). I am Sophie = Yo soy Sofìa. (Ser) I am in London = Yo estoy en Londres. (Estar) I am tall = Yo soy alto. (Ser) I am tired = Estoy cansado. (Estar)