Habit is posh clothes, like a suit (Bel habit ! - Nice clotes). Vêtement is just clothes, Fringue is street talk, a bit trash for my taste, like saying "I like my rags" instead of "I like my clothes". Here's another one for you: "linge" (always singular) also mean clothes, but it's less used. In Canada it would be used in expression like "I wash the clothes, I hang the clothes" (je lave le linge, j'étends le linge) and in France, I've heard they call their thumble dryier a "sèche-linge". don't pronounced "lin-juh" with an English IN, you got to make sure you pronounce the French IN (hard to explain, but closer to EN or AIN)

"fringue" is informal and to be honest it's "has been" Vetement and habit are used as each other.