When I was living abroad, one of the most common questions I got was, “So, do you speak Mandarin or Cantonese?” It always made me pause for a second — to many people outside of China, Chinese seems to come in only these two versions.

Mandarin and Cantonese have become the most internationally recognized forms of Chinese for different reasons. Mandarin is China’s official language — the language of government, education, national media, and public life. Cantonese, on the other hand, gained global visibility thanks to Hong Kong cinema, pop music, and the Cantonese-speaking communities abroad.&nbsp;The reality is, depending on where you’re standing in China, people might speak something completely different. <h3>Growing Up with Foochow</h3>I was born in Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian province in southeastern China. While Mandarin was my first language, I grew up surrounded by Fuzhouhua (福州话), or Foochow — a branch of the Min language group. It was the language of my nanny, of the street market, of overheard conversations on buses and in neighborhood alleyways. For centuries, Foochow was the main language spoken in Fuzhou and neighboring cities — the everyday tongue of family life, trade, and local governance — until Mandarin was promoted as the national language in the mid-20th century, gradually reshaping the linguistic landscape of the region. <h3>History, Geography and Language</h3>Foochow is not mutually intelligible with Mandarin. With seven tones, its rhythm feels older, more winding — and in fact, it preserves many features of Middle Chinese, the historical language spoken over a thousand years ago. Phonetically and structurally, Foochow has more in common with how Chinese might have sounded during the Tang or Song dynasties. That’s why Tang poetry often rhymes more naturally when read aloud in Foochow.&nbsp;So why are dialects like Foochow so different from Mandarin? Geography plays a big role. Mandarin is largely spoken in northern China, where flat plains and easier transportation allowed speech to become more uniform over time. Southern China, by contrast, is mountainous and fragmented. Communities historically lived more isolated lives, and their languages evolved separately.&nbsp;<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i0qujfbv7gh623o6ug.jpg"> <h3>Dialect or Language?</h3>In fact, the term “dialect” can be misleading. From a linguistic perspective, many Chinese “dialects” are so distinct that they function more like separate languages — some are as different from each other as Italian is from Spanish. But in Chinese, they’re all classified under the umbrella of “dialects” (方言, fāngyán), largely for historical and political reasons. By labeling them as dialects rather than separate languages, they were made to appear less distant from Mandarin, which helped promote a sense of unity and made the push for a standardized national language more acceptable to the public.Here’s a quick overview of the major Chinese language groups:<ul><li>Mandarin (Putonghua): Based on the Beijing local language, spoken by the majority across northern China. It’s the standardized version taught in schools and used in media and public life.</li></ul> <ul><li>Cantonese (Yue): Spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, and known for its six tones and rich presence in pop culture, cinema, and overseas communities.</li></ul> <ul><li>Wu: Includes Shanghainese and other local languages from the Yangtze River Delta. It’s known for its soft, flowing sounds and deep literary heritage.</li></ul> <ul><li>Min: A highly diverse group mostly found in Fujian, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Includes Hokkien, Teochew, and Foochow. Even villages just miles apart may speak different versions.</li></ul> <ul><li>Hakka (Kejia): Scattered throughout southern China and Southeast Asia. Hakka communities have a strong sense of cultural and linguistic identity.</li></ul> <ul><li>Other groups include Xiang, Gan, Jin, Huizhou, and Pinghua — each with its own history, identity, and variations.</li></ul><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i0r1550tjdav5oqb20.jpg"> Decline and Revival&nbsp;Sadly, many of these languages are in decline. Most people of my generation in Fuzhou are not fluent in Foochow. In my primary school, speaking Foochow among peers was discouraged — even forbidden. Mandarin was promoted as the proper and educated way to speak.That said, there is now a small but growing revival. Younger people are becoming more interested in their local languages as a way to reconnect with their heritage. If you’re interested in learning Foochow, I highly recommend checking out my friend’s YouTube channel 真鳥囝福州話學堂 (https://www.youtube.com/@zingzeu_foochow), and this Mandarin–Foochow dictionary (https://www.ydict.net/) is also very helpful! Let’s Learn Some Foochow!Here are a few words and phrases to get you started:<ul><li>Hello: 汝好 (Nṳ̄ hō̤)</li></ul> <ul><li>Good-bye: 再見 (Cái-giéng)</li></ul> <ul><li>Thank you: 謝謝 (Siâ-siâ)</li></ul> <ul><li>Do you speak Foochow?: 汝會講福州話賣？(Nṳ̄ â̤ gōng Hók-ciŭ-uâ mâ̤?)</li></ul> <ul><li>I don’t understand: 我賣會意 (Nguāi mâ̤ huôi-é)</li></ul> If you’d like to learn more Foochow, feel free to check out my teaching profile — I’d love to share my language and culture with you!I hope you enjoyed exploring Chinese languages with me. Do you speak any Chinese languages? Share in the comments — I’d love to hear from you!

China’s Many Languages: Growing Up with Foochow

Brazilian soap operas, known as “novelas”, offer one of the most effective ways to learn authentic Portuguese. These dramatic series immerse you in real-life language usage, complete with current slang, emotional expressions, and cultural context that textbooks often miss. The secret lies in the

Finding the Perfect Starting PointChoosing the right ”novela” makes all the difference for beginners. If you're just starting your Portuguese journey, opt for lighter shows like "Chiquititas" or "Carrossel," which feature simpler vocabulary and slower-paced dialogue about school life and family relationships. These productions intentionally articulate words clearly, making them ideal training wheels. As your comprehension improves, you can graduate to more complex dramas like "Avenida Brasil" or "Beleza Fatal," where characters speak faster and use richer vocabulary. The First Crucial Viewing - No SubtitlesBegin by watching scenes completely without subtitles. This might feel uncomfortable initially, but it's essential for training your ears to process Portuguese sounds naturally. Focus on the musical rhythm of the language, how sentences rise and fall, and how actors emphasize certain words. Pay attention to facial expressions and body language that provide context clues. Even if you only catch occasional words like "amor" (love) or "casa" (house), you're building critical listening skills.<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i0n83fbv7gh623o6ag.jpg"> The Second Viewing - Portuguese SubtitlesNow rewatch the same scene with Portuguese subtitles activated. This is when you'll connect the sounds you heard to their written forms. Keep a notebook handy to jot down 3-5 new phrases per scene - any more will overwhelm your memory. Focus on practical expressions like "Como vai você?" (How are you?) or "Que horas são?" (What time is it?). Scenes showing everyday situations like grocery shopping or coffee breaks contain the most useful vocabulary. Understanding Through TranslationFor your third viewing, switch to subtitles in your native language. This step helps verify if you correctly understood the Portuguese dialogue. Pay special attention to phrases that don't translate directly, like "Fiquei com a pulga atrás da orelha" (literally "I got a flea behind my ear," meaning "I became suspicious"). These idioms reveal how Brazilians express thoughts differently, giving you insight beyond literal meanings. Testing Your Listening ComprehensionNow challenge yourself by watching the scene again without any subtitles. After multiple exposures, you'll be amazed how much more you understand. Don't worry if you miss parts - simply rewind and check the Portuguese subtitles again. This back-and-forth strengthens your ability to parse meaning from sound alone, a crucial skill for real conversations. Bringing Words to Life Through SpeakingThe most transformative step comes when you start speaking along with the actors. Select short, expressive phrases like "Nossa, que legal!" (Wow, how cool!) or "Que absurdo!" (That's ridiculous!) and imitate them exactly, matching the pronunciation and emotion. Record yourself and compare to the original - you'll immediately notice areas to improve, like the nasal "ão" sound or the flowing rhythm of questions. The Power of Repetitive WatchingDon't hesitate to watch the same episode multiple times. Each viewing reveals new details - perhaps a hand gesture that clarifies meaning, or a joke that finally makes sense. This repetition mimics how children learn language naturally, absorbing patterns subconsciously through constant exposure. Many learners report suddenly understanding whole conversations after several replays. Focusing on Practical ScenesPrioritize scenes depicting daily life - characters ordering food, chatting at work, or arguing with family. These contain the most transferable vocabulary. A powerful technique called shadowing (speaking simultaneously with the actors) works particularly well with these realistic dialogues. Start with 10-second clips, then gradually increase the length as your fluency improves. Measuring Progress Over PerfectionRemember, the goal isn't immediate perfection but steady improvement. You might start by understanding just 10% of an episode, then 30%, then suddenly 70% as your brain adapts. Celebrate when you recognize previously learned phrases in new contexts, or when you spontaneously think of a “novela” expression in real-life situations. Making It a Daily HabitConsistency trumps intensity. Even 20 minutes daily with focused attention yields better results than occasional binge-watching. Many successful learners follow a routine: watch new scenes in the morning, review vocabulary at lunch, and practice shadowing in the evening. This spaced repetition solidifies learning. Taking the Next Steps to your Portuguese TransformationWhen you're ready to advance, try watching news segments on the same channel as your “novela” - you'll recognize actors' voices while expanding your vocabulary. Join online forums where learners discuss episodes, or find a language partner to reenact scenes together. The key is keeping the experience enjoyable while systematically building skills. Imagine understanding Brazilian songs, joking with locals during your next trip, or even dreaming in Portuguese. These milestones become achievable through regular “novela” immersion. Start today with episode one of your chosen series - your future fluent self will thank you! For personalized recommendations based on your current level and interests, don't hesitate to ask for suggestions tailored to your learning journey.<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i0nbqs0j9bmrrbqqm0.jpg">

HOW TO LEARN PORTUGUESE WITH BRAZILIAN SOAP OPERAS

Many learners find the verb piacere confusing because it works very differently from the English verb to like.

In English, the subject is the person who likes something, and the object is the thing that is liked. But in Italian, it is the opposite: the thing that is liked becomes the subject of the sentence, and the person who likes it is the indirect object—the one to whom the thing is pleasing.&nbsp;That is because piacere literally means to be pleasing. So instead of saying "I like the&nbsp;pizza," you’re really saying "The pizza is pleasing to me."&nbsp; Here is how that looks in practice:&nbsp;-Mi piace la pizza. --&gt; The pizza (subject) is pleasing to me (indirect object).-Ti piace il gelato? --&gt; Is the ice cream (subject) pleasing to you (indirect object)? Understanding who is doing what in the sentence helps you get the grammar right, and once you get the hang of it, you will see that this structure is used with other Italian verbs too, like mancare (to miss) and servire (to be needed).&nbsp;<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i08vt50tjdav5oq830.jpg">Today, we will explore:&nbsp;1. How piacere works and why it is different from English&nbsp;2. How it changes with singular and plural objects&nbsp;3. How to use piacere in different tenses and with pronouns&nbsp; Are you ready? Let’s dive in!&nbsp; 1. How piacere works and why it is different from English&nbsp;The structure of piacere is: [Indirect object] + piacere + [subject], e.g.:&nbsp;-Mi piace la pizza. --&gt; The pizza pleases me. (I like pizza.)&nbsp;-Ti piace il gelato? --&gt; Do you like ice cream?&nbsp;-A Maria piace il vino rosso. --&gt; Maria likes red wine.&nbsp; Here, mi and ti are indirect object pronouns:&nbsp;-mi = to me&nbsp;-ti = to you&nbsp;-gli = to him&nbsp;-le = to her&nbsp;-ci = to us&nbsp;-vi = to you (plural)&nbsp;-gli = to them (masculine or feminine) 2. How it changes with singular and plural objects&nbsp; The verb piacere changes its form to agree in number with the thing or things being liked,&nbsp;rather than with the person who likes them. In other words, if what is liked is a singular noun, you use piace, and if what is liked is a plural noun, you use piacciono. The verb always matches the grammatical subject, which, in this case, is the item or items that are considered pleasing.&nbsp;e.g.:&nbsp;-Mi piace la musica classica. --&gt; I like classical music (music is singular, so we say&nbsp;mi piace).&nbsp;-Mi piacciono i film italiani. --&gt; I like Italian movies (movies is plural, so we say mi&nbsp;piacciono).&nbsp; 3. How to use piacere in different tenses and with pronouns&nbsp;Like all verbs, piacere can be used in different tenses. In the passato prossimo, it uses essere as the auxiliary verb, and it must agree with the subject in gender and number. But here is the tricky part: In the passato prossimo, piacere always uses essere as the auxiliary verb (not avere like many other verbs). And because it uses essere, the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject of the sentence, that is, with the thing that was liked. e.g.:&nbsp; -Singular masculine subject&nbsp;Mi è piaciuto il film. --&gt; I liked the movie.&nbsp;(Film is masculine and singular, so we use piaciuto.)&nbsp;-Singular feminine subject&nbsp;Ti è piaciuta la canzone? --&gt; Did you like the song?&nbsp;(Canzone is feminine and singular, so we use piaciuta.)&nbsp;-Plural masculine subject&nbsp;Ci sono piaciuti i libri. --&gt; We liked the books.&nbsp;(Libri is masculine and plural, so we use piaciuti.)-Plural feminine subject&nbsp; Vi sono piaciute le vacanze? --&gt; Did you all like the holidays?&nbsp;(Vacanze is feminine and plural, so we use piaciute.)&nbsp; As we are nearing the end of this article, I would like to leave you with a quick tip before&nbsp;wrapping up:&nbsp;The verb piacere often appears in impersonal constructions, especially when talking about general preferences or abstract concepts.&nbsp;e.g.:&nbsp;-Ti piace viaggiare? --&gt; Do you like traveling?&nbsp;-Mi piace studiare l’italiano. --&gt; I like studying Italian.&nbsp;-Non ci è piaciuto aspettare così tanto. --&gt; We didn’t like having to wait so long. In these cases, the subject is an entire action (viaggiare, studiare, aspettare), not a tangible noun. However, the grammar rules still apply: the verb agrees with the subject, in this&nbsp;case, the infinitive verb (which is treated as singular), and the person reacting to it is still the indirect object.&nbsp; Recognizing these patterns will help you not only with piacere, but with many everyday expressions in Italian.&nbsp;<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i09sn3ggc3ktgdnoig.jpg">That is all for today’s lesson!&nbsp; Understanding piacere is key to sounding more natural in Italian. It may seem tricky at first, but with practice, this verb will become second nature. If you want to go even further, try applying this same logic to verbs like mancare, servire, and interessare, which follow a similar structure. Of course, if you have any questions or other topics you would like me to cover, let me know in the comments below.&nbsp; Thank you for reading this article!&nbsp;If you want to learn more about me, feel free to check out my profile. Ciao!&nbsp; Germana

How to use the Italian verb ‘Piacere’ correctly

Let’s be honest — speaking confidently on a call is hard enough in your native language. Add a second language and a shaky internet connection, and suddenly, saying "Hi" feels like climbing a mountain in flip-flops. If you're a remote worker (hello, Zoom warriors, Teams travelers, and Google Mee

Let’s be honest — speaking confidently on a call is hard enough in your native language. Add a second language and a shaky internet connection, and suddenly, saying "Hi" feels like climbing a mountain in flip-flops. If you're a remote worker (hello, Zoom warriors, Teams travelers, and Google Meet gladiators), mastering a few simple English tricks can make your calls way smoother and a lot less stressful.Let me explain how. We’re going to tackle three important areas: greeting and small talk, asking for clarification, and ending the call like a pro. No awkward silences. No weird goodbyes. Sound good? Let’s get rolling.<hr> First Impressions Matter: Greeting and Small TalkStarting a video call is like walking into a room where everyone’s already talking. It's easy to feel like the "new kid" for a second. But a warm greeting? That’s your golden ticket.Instead of a robotic "Hello, I am here," try something a little more natural:<ul><li>"Hi [Name], good to see you! How’s everything going?"</li><li>"Hey everyone! Hope you're all doing well."</li></ul>See the difference? It’s just a sprinkle of warmth — and it goes a long way.Pro Tip: If the call hasn’t officially started yet (maybe you're waiting for others), small talk is your secret weapon. Here are a few casual starters:<ul><li>"How’s the weather over there? We’re basically melting over here."</li><li>"Did anyone catch the game last night?"</li><li>"Any good weekend plans coming up?"</li></ul>You don't need to be a stand-up comedian. Just showing you're present and friendly makes people relax—including you.And you know what? Smiling (even if you feel a little silly) genuinely makes your voice sound friendlier. People can hear your smile through the screen. Wild, right?<hr><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i03d7dra7v4got3o70.jpg"> Lost in the Connection? How to Ask for ClarificationHere’s the thing about remote calls: audio glitches are basically part of the package. Sometimes you’ll miss a word... or ten. No big deal. What matters is how you ask when you didn’t catch something.Instead of the awkward "What?!" or staying silent while nodding like you understood (we’ve all been there), use phrases like:<ul><li>"Sorry, could you repeat that? I didn’t catch it."</li><li>"Would you mind saying that again? It cut out for a second."</li><li>"Just to make sure I understood you correctly, you said [repeat part you heard]?"</li></ul>These are magic phrases. They sound polite, professional, and—most importantly—natural.Quick Heads-Up: Sometimes it's not just bad audio; sometimes it's new vocabulary or complicated ideas. If that's the case, feel free to slow things down:<ul><li>"I'm not familiar with that term—could you explain it a little more?"</li><li>"Would you mind giving an example?"</li></ul>Trust me, even native speakers use these tricks. Nobody will think less of you for asking—actually, they'll probably respect you more.<hr><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i03hfdra7v4got3o80.jpg"> Wrapping Things Up: Ending the Call PolitelyEver notice how ending a video call can feel almost…weirdly dramatic? Everyone waves. There’s a tiny panic moment about who should click "Leave Meeting" first. It's basically the adult version of saying goodbye five times at a family party.Make it smoother with a clear, cheerful wrap-up:<ul><li>"Thanks so much, everyone. Really appreciate your time!"</li><li>"Great talking with you—I'll follow up by email."</li><li>"Thanks again, have a great rest of your day!"</li></ul>If you’re the one leading the call (or you just want to sound extra polished), you can even give a quick summary:<ul><li>"Alright, so just to recap, I'll send the notes by tomorrow, and we’ll meet again next Thursday. Thanks, everyone!"</li></ul>Then—and this part’s important—smile, say "Bye!" naturally, and click "Leave" without dragging it out. Clean. Confident. Done.Side Note: If you’re in a very formal meeting (especially with new clients or leadership), you might want to swap "Hi" and "Hey" for "Hello," and "Thanks" for "Thank you." Tiny tweaks make a big difference when reading the room.<hr><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0i03lfdra7v4got3o90.jpg"> Little Extras That Make a Big DifferenceWhile we’re here, a few bonus tips—because why not give you the "secret sauce," right?<ul><li>Check your tech: Before the call, make sure your mic, camera, and internet are good. A $20 headset can make you sound like a million bucks.</li><li>Mute yourself when not speaking: It’s polite and avoids background noise disasters (like your dog losing his mind over the mailman).</li><li>Have notes, but stay flexible: It's smart to jot down key points, but don't read word-for-word. Conversations &gt; scripts.</li><li>Be patient with yourself: Seriously. Everyone fumbles words sometimes. It's not a language thing; it's a human thing.</li></ul><hr>Wrapping It All TogetherSpeaking confidently on a phone or video call isn't about perfect grammar or flawless pronunciation. It’s about connection — sounding real, sounding interested, and keeping the energy positive.Will you sometimes talk too fast? Probably. Will you occasionally forget the word for "spreadsheet" and call it "that number table thing"? Absolutely.And you know what? It’s fine. More than fine. It's human.With a few good phrases, a little practice, and a lot of grace for yourself, you’ll not only survive your calls — you’ll shine on them.Next time you hear that "beep beep" of a meeting starting, take a deep breath, smile, and say:"Hi everyone! So happy to be here."Because, honestly? You totally belong there.

Phone and Video Call English: Sounding Confident Remotely

In any professional setting, difficult conversations are inevitable. Whether it’s addressing poor performance, discussing a sensitive issue with a colleague, or giving negative feedback to a team member, knowing how to manage these conversations respectfully and effectively is an essential skill. 

In any professional setting, difficult conversations are inevitable. Whether it’s addressing poor performance, discussing a sensitive issue with a colleague, or giving negative feedback to a team member, knowing how to manage these conversations respectfully and effectively is an essential skill. For English as a Second Language (ESL) learners, these conversations can feel even more intimidating due to language and cultural barriers. However, with the right preparation and communication techniques, anyone can navigate difficult discussions confidently in English.This article explores how to handle challenging conversations at work, especially for ESL speakers. You’ll learn common phrases, cultural tips, and strategies to ensure your message is clear, respectful, and professional. 1. Why Difficult Conversations MatterAvoiding difficult conversations can lead to misunderstandings, resentment, or reduced team performance. When handled correctly, these discussions can: -Improve workplace relationships-Clarify expectations-Solve problems efficiently-Build trust and respect As an ESL speaker, developing this skill in English will help you communicate more confidently and build stronger professional relationships. 2. Prepare Before the ConversationPreparation is key to success. Before starting the conversation: -Clarify your objective: What is the main purpose of the conversation? Is it to give feedback, resolve a conflict, or request a change?-Write down your points: This helps you organize your thoughts and ensures you don’t forget anything important.-Think about the other person’s perspective: Consider how they might feel or react.-Practice key phrases: If you’re worried about your English, rehearse what you want to say. <img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0hvp0550tjdav5oq620.jpg">3. Start the Conversation CalmlyThe beginning of the conversation sets the tone. Stay calm, polite, and professional. Avoid jumping straight into the problem.Useful phrases to start: -"Thank you for taking the time to speak with me."-"I wanted to talk to you about something that’s been on my mind."-"I appreciate your work and would like to discuss a few concerns." 4. Use Clear and Neutral LanguageAvoid emotional or judgmental language. Be direct but respectful. Focus on facts and behaviors, not personal attacks.Instead of: -"You’re always late and lazy." Say:-"I’ve noticed that you’ve been arriving late this week. Can we talk about what’s been happening?" Useful phrases:-"I’ve observed that..."-"I wanted to understand more about..."-"It seems that..." Using neutral language makes the conversation less confrontational and more constructive.<img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d0hvph7dra7v4got3mr0.jpg"> 5. Listen ActivelyA conversation goes both ways. Show that you are listening and that you care about the other person’s point of view.Tips for active listening:-Nod and maintain eye contact-Don’t interrupt-Repeat or summarize what the other person saysUseful phrases: -"I see what you’re saying."-"So, what I hear is that..."-"That must have been difficult." 6. Focus on SolutionsDon’t just focus on the problem—discuss how to move forward. Offer suggestions and ask for the other person’s ideas.Useful phrases: -"What can we do to resolve this?"-"Let’s work together to find a solution."-"Would it help if we..."This shows you’re committed to improving the situation, not just pointing out issues. 7. Stay Professional and Emotionally CalmIt’s natural to feel emotional during difficult conversations, but staying calm helps maintain professionalism.Tips: -Take deep breaths-Speak slowly and clearly-Pause if needed to collect your thoughtsAvoid raising your voice, blaming others, or using sarcasm. 8. Follow Up After the ConversationAfter the conversation, send a short follow-up message or summary to clarify agreements or next steps.Sample follow-up email:Subject: Follow-Up from Today’s DiscussionHi [Name],Thank you for speaking with me today. I appreciate your openness. As we discussed, we agreed to [brief summary of solution or next steps]. Please let me know if there’s anything else you’d like to add.Best regards,[Your Name]This helps ensure there are no misunderstandings. 9. Common Challenges for ESL Speakers and How to Overcome Them-Fear of saying the wrong thing: Practice with a colleague or language tutor before the conversation.-Difficulty understanding native speakers: Ask them to speak more slowly or to repeat important points.-Unsure about tone or politeness: Use polite phrases and softeners like:	-"I may be wrong, but..."	-"Would you mind if I asked..."			-Translating directly from your language: Some expressions don’t translate well. Try to think in 		 English and focus on simple, clear sentences. 10. Cultural ConsiderationsDifferent cultures handle difficult conversations in different ways. Some cultures value direct communication, while others prefer a more indirect approach.Tips:-Observe how others in your workplace handle these situations.-Adjust your style to match your environment while still being authentic.-If you're unsure, ask a trusted colleague for feedback. Handling difficult conversations is an important part of professional communication. For ESL learners, it can feel challenging at first, but with preparation, practice, and the right language, you can approach these situations with confidence. Remember to stay calm, focus on the issue—not the person—and always aim for a respectful and constructive outcome.By mastering this skill in English, you not only improve your workplace relationships but also grow as a professional in the global business world.What strategies do you use to stay professional when emotions are high during a conversation?

How to Handle Difficult Conversations at Work

The placement of adjectives in Italian plays a crucial role in determining the meaning  of a sentence.

The placement of adjectives in Italian plays a crucial role in determining the meaning&nbsp;of a sentence. Unlike English, where adjectives are typically placed before the noun and&nbsp;do not significantly alter their meaning, Italian adjectives can shift between pre nominal (before the noun) and post-nominal (after the noun) positions, often resulting&nbsp;in a substantial change in interpretation.&nbsp;Today we will explore:&nbsp; 1. Why adjective placement matters in Italian&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Common adjectives that change meaning based on position&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Special adjectives like bello, grande, buono, santo and how they change form Are you ready? Let’s dive in! <h3>1. Why adjective placement matters in Italian&nbsp;</h3> In Italian, adjective placement can completely change the meaning of a sentence. For example:&nbsp;&nbsp;• un vecchio amico = a long-time friend&nbsp;• un amico vecchio = a friend who is old&nbsp; Did you notice the difference? The adjective before the noun often has a figurative or&nbsp;subjective meaning, while the adjective after the noun describes a literal quality. Let’s look at more examples!&nbsp; <h3>2. Common adjectives that change meaning based on position&nbsp;</h3>• Vecchio (old)&nbsp;-un vecchio amico → a longtime friend (figurative meaning)&nbsp;-un amico vecchio → a friend who is old (literal meaning)&nbsp; • Grande (big, great)&nbsp;- una grande città → an important/great city&nbsp;- una città grande → a physically large city&nbsp; • Povero (poor)&nbsp;- un povero uomo → a man who is unfortunate&nbsp;- un uomo povero → a man who is financially poor&nbsp; • Certo (certain, particular)&nbsp;- una certa risposta → a particular answer&nbsp;- una risposta certa → a sure/certain answerThese small differences can make a huge impact on what you are actually saying!&nbsp; <h3>3. Special adjectives like bello, grande, buono, santo and how they&nbsp;change form&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3>In Italian, some adjectives change their form depending on the first letter of the noun&nbsp;they describe. This happens to adjectives like bello (beautiful), grande (big/great),&nbsp;buono (good), and santo (saint/holy).&nbsp; Bello (beautiful)&nbsp;The adjective bello follows the same pattern as definite articles (il, lo, gli), changing its&nbsp;form depending on the noun’s initial letter.&nbsp;• un bel quadro (a beautiful painting)&nbsp;• un bello zaino (a beautiful backpack) → Before nouns starting with&nbsp;s+consonant, z, y, gn, x&nbsp; Grande (big, great)&nbsp;The adjective grande generally remains unchanged when describing singular nouns. But&nbsp;before masculine singular nouns starting with a consonant - excluding the special&nbsp;cases like s+consonant, z, y, gn, x - and to make it flow better, grande is shortened to&nbsp;gran.&nbsp;• un gran libro (a great book) → Before masculine singular nouns starting with a&nbsp;consonant (except s+consonant, z, y, gn, x)&nbsp;• un grande uomo (a great man)&nbsp;• un grande studente (a great student) Buono (good)&nbsp;Buono follows a similar pattern to bello, changing based on the initial letter of the noun&nbsp;it modifies. When buono is used before a masculine singular noun starting with a vowel&nbsp;or most consonants, it is shortened to buon.&nbsp;• un buon amico (a good friend)&nbsp;• un buono studente (a good student) → Before s+consonant, z, y, gn, x&nbsp; Santo (saint, holy)&nbsp;Santo also changes based on the noun it precedes. When it comes before a masculine&nbsp;singular proper noun that starts with a consonant (including most names), it is&nbsp;shortened to San. However, when santo comes before masculine singular proper&nbsp;nouns starting with s + consonant, santo keeps its full form.&nbsp;• San Pietro (Saint Peter) → Before most masculine singular names • Santo Stefano (Saint Stephen) → Before masculine singular names starting&nbsp;with s+consonant&nbsp;Learning these patterns will definitely make your Italian sound much more natural.&nbsp; That is all for today’s lesson!&nbsp; I hope this article has clarified some of your doubts regarding the adjective placement&nbsp;in Italian.&nbsp;Indeed, adjective placement in Italian is not arbitrary; rather, it is a key syntactic and&nbsp;semantic feature that significantly alters sentence meaning. Understanding these&nbsp;distinctions is essential for learners striving for fluency and precision in Italian. By mastering both placement rules and morphological changes, you can enhance&nbsp;their linguistic competence and express subtle nuances with greater accuracy. Of course, if you have any questions or other topics you would like me to cover, let me&nbsp;know in the comments below.&nbsp;Thank you for reading this article!&nbsp; If you want to learn more about me, feel free to check out my profile. Ciao!&nbsp;

The Role of Adjective Placement in Italian

CEFR Level: A2-B1 | Reading Time: 5-7 minutes

Awkward moments happen. That’s normal. But when you’re learning English, they can feel worse. Maybe you forget a word. Maybe you don’t understand what someone said. Maybe you speak at the wrong time. This article gives you simple ways to handle those moments. It also shows you what to say and how to stay calm. Knowing how to respond during uncomfortable situations will help you speak more confidently and keep the conversation going. These tips are useful in daily life, in the classroom, at work, and even online. <h3>1. When You Forget a Word</h3>You’re talking, then your brain goes blank. You know the meaning, but you can’t remember the word. Don’t panic. Try saying:-“Let me think for a second.”-“How can I say this?”-“It’s a kind of...”-“You use it to...”-“What’s the word for...?”These phrases show you’re still speaking, and they give you time to find your words. You can also describe the thing until someone guesses it. For example: “It’s something you use to clean the floor... it makes noise... ah! A vacuum!”It’s helpful to practice paraphrasing—saying the same idea in a different way. This is a great skill for communication in any language. <h3>2. When You Don’t Understand</h3>Not understanding is normal. You might not catch a word, a whole sentence, or even the point of what someone is saying. Don’t pretend. Ask for help. Try:-“Sorry?” (say it with a polite tone)-“I didn’t catch that. Can you say it again?”-“What does [word] mean?”-“Can you explain that?”It’s also okay to ask someone to slow down: “Could you speak a bit more slowly, please?”Being honest helps the conversation. Most people are glad to explain. <h3>3. When You Interrupt Someone</h3>Sometimes you speak too soon. Or maybe there was a delay on a call. If you interrupt someone by accident, it’s okay. Just say:-“Sorry to interrupt.”-“Can I add something?”-“May I say something quickly?”And if you realise you spoke over someone:-“Oh, sorry—go ahead.”-“I didn’t mean to cut you off.”Being polite and calm helps keep the conversation smooth. <h3>4. When There’s a Long Pause</h3>A pause in conversation can feel awkward. But silence is normal. People pause to think. If you need time to find your words, try using small fillers:-“Um...”-“Well...”-“Let me think...”-“That’s a good question.”These phrases show you’re still engaged. They give your brain time to work. Practise using them naturally in your speaking. <h3>5. In Online Classes or Calls</h3>Online conversations have their own awkward moments. The sound might cut out. Someone might freeze. You or the other person might forget to unmute.If it’s the other person:-“I think you’re on mute.”-“Your sound is cutting out.”-“Can you repeat that?”If it’s you:-“Sorry, I was on mute.”-“Let me say that again.”-“I lost connection for a moment.”These phrases are simple and clear. Use a calm tone. Everyone has tech issues sometimes. <h3>6. When You Don’t Get the Joke</h3>Humour is tricky in another language. You might not understand a joke, a pun, or an idiom. That’s okay. You can ask:-“I didn’t get that. What does it mean?”-That’s a new one for me. Can you explain it?”You can also say, “I think I missed the joke. Can you tell me again?” People often enjoy explaining and sharing phrases.When you understand, repeat the idiom or joke to practise using it later. <h3>7. Sound More Natural</h3>English speakers—especially in the UK—often use soft language. This means they try not to sound too direct.To sound more natural:-Add “just”: “I just wanted to ask...”-Use past tense politely: “I was wondering if...”-Use modal verbs: “Could you help me?” instead of “Help me.”Also:-Say “please,” “thank you,” and “sorry” often.-Smile and use a soft tone when possible.These small changes make a big difference. They help you sound friendly and respectful. <h3>8. Don’t Panic</h3>Everyone makes mistakes. That includes native speakers. The most important thing is to keep going. Here’s what you can do:-Take a breath.-Say: “Oops, that’s not right” or “Let me try again.”-Laugh a little if it helps.-Focus on what you want to say. Don’t worry about being perfect. Good communication is about connection, not perfection.If you keep speaking, listening, and learning, awkward moments will happen less often—and you’ll know how to handle them better when they do. <h3>9. Practise Before You Need It</h3>You don’t need to wait for an awkward moment to practise. Try these ideas:-Write down some of your favourite phrases from this article.-Practise them out loud.-Use them in your lessons or language exchanges.-Role-play with a friend: pretend you forgot a word or didn’t understand something.The more you practise now, the easier it will feel later. Awkward moments are part of learning. But they don’t have to stop you. You can stay calm, use simple phrases, and keep the conversation going. Pick one situation from this article and practise the phrases. Then try another. Bit by bit, you’ll feel more confident—even when things get uncomfortable.

English for Awkward Moments: What to Say When You Don’t Know What to Say

When you start working in an English-speaking business environment, you may find that people often use words and expressions that aren’t taught in textbooks. These words are called business jargon and idioms. They are informal or figurative ways of speaking, and they can be confusing—even for native speakers! As an ESL&nbsp;learner, understanding business jargon and idioms is important. It helps you communicate more naturally, understand meetings, and feel more confident in professional situations. In this article, we will explore what these terms mean, why they are used, and go through common examples with easy-to-understand explanations. <h3>What is Business Jargon?</h3>Business jargon refers to technical or trendy words and phrases used in the workplace. These are often used in specific industries or departments and might sound impressive but can be confusing if you don’t know what they mean. Examples of Business Jargon:-Leverage – Use something to your advantage. “We need to leverage our partnerships to grow faster.”-Synergy – When different departments or people work together and the result is better than working alone. “There’s great synergy between marketing and sales.”-Touch base – Contact someone to check in or discuss something. “Let’s touch base next week to go over the proposal.”-Bandwidth – Time or mental capacity to handle more work. “I don’t have the bandwidth to take on another project right now.”-Circle back – Return to a topic later. “Let’s circle back to this issue after lunch.”These phrases may sound strange at first, but they are commonly used in emails, meetings, and presentations. <h3>What is a Business Idiom?</h3>An idiom is a phrase where the meaning is different from the literal definition of the words. For example, “break the ice” doesn’t mean physically breaking ice—it means starting a conversation in a friendly way.Common Business Idioms:-Break the ice – Start a conversation in a relaxed way. “The manager told a joke to break the ice at the meeting.”-Think outside the box – Be creative and look for new ideas. “We need to think outside the box to solve this problem.”-Get the ball rolling – Start a process or activity. “Let’s get the ball rolling on this project today.”-Back to the drawing board – Start again because the first attempt failed. “The client didn’t like the design, so it’s back to the drawing board.”-Hit the ground running – Start working quickly and effectively. “We need someone who can hit the ground running in this role.”These idioms help make speech more colorful and natural, but they require practice and context to understand properly. <h3>Why Are Jargon and Idioms Used in Business?</h3>Many professionals use jargon and idioms to:-Sound professional or modern-Save time with common phrases-Create team identity or bonding-Add humor or style to communicationHowever, too much jargon can be confusing, even for native speakers. That’s why it’s okay to ask questions or request clarification if you’re unsure. <h3>Tips for ESL Learners to Understand and Use Business Jargon and Idioms</h3>1. Listen and Read RegularlyWatch business videos (like TED Talks), attend meetings, or listen to podcasts in English. Read business blogs, news, or LinkedIn posts. These materials often use natural, real-world language.2. Keep a Business Idioms JournalEvery time you hear or read a new phrase, write it down. Note the meaning, context, and an example sentence. Review the list regularly.3. Ask for ClarificationIf a colleague says something you don’t understand, don’t be afraid to ask:<ul><li>“Sorry, what does ‘circle back’ mean?”</li><li>“Can you explain what you meant by ‘low-hanging fruit’?”</li></ul>Most people are happy to explain.4. Practice Using ThemTry to include one or two new idioms in your next email, meeting, or conversation. Start small, and soon they will become natural.5. Learn in ContextIdioms often depend on tone or situation. Watching videos or reading stories that include business conversations will help you understand when and how to use them. <h3>More Business Jargon and Idioms to Know</h3><img src="https://ofs-cdn.italki.com/u/internal/galaxy/message/d08rtdmsj5i8o8bn7cfg.png"> <h3>What to Avoid</h3>While it’s useful to understand jargon and idioms, be careful not to:-Overuse them – Too many can sound unnatural or forced.-Use them without understanding – Always know the meaning before using.-Use them in formal writing – Avoid in formal reports or legal documents unless it’s a quote or part of speech. Understanding business jargon and idioms is an important skill for ESL learners who want to succeed in English-speaking workplaces. These expressions help you connect with colleagues, follow meetings, and express yourself more naturally. Don’t worry if they seem confusing at first—like any part of language, they become easier with time and practice. Start small, keep a journal, ask questions, and slowly incorporate these phrases into your business English conversations. Remember, learning business English isn’t just about grammar and vocabulary—it’s also about understanding the culture, tone, and expressions used every day in the workplace. Ready to “get the ball rolling”? Start by choosing three idioms from this article and try using them in your next conversation or email!

Understanding Business Jargon and Idioms

In this article, I'll discuss a few points about what it's like to live in Portugal, such as the cost of living, climate, gastronomy, and others. Come and find out a bit about Portugal!

In this article, I'll discuss a few points about what it's like to live in Portugal, such as the cost of living, climate, gastronomy, and others. Come and find out a bit about Portugal! <h3>Pleasant climate</h3>The climate in Portugal is quite varied, with different characteristics depending on the region of the country. In general terms, Portugal has a Mediterranean climate in the coastal areas and a more continental climate in the inland regions. But don't be fooled if you think it doesn't get cold in Portugal. Many houses don't have any kind of heating and it can be rather expensive to install heating and it’s also possible to see snow in Portugal.&nbsp;How do you choose where to live or spend your holidays? Winters: Winters in coastal areas, such as Lisbon and Porto, are generally mild and rainy, with temperatures ranging from 8°C to 15°C. If you don't like rain, traveling in winter or living in these cities may not be the best choice. Summers: Summers are hot and dry, and average temperatures can range from 25°C to 35°C in the lower areas close to the sea, such as Lisbon and the Algarve. In the Algarve regions, temperatures can easily exceed 40°C during heatwaves, especially in July and August. The Algarve is a favorite destination for many immigrants due to its climate.Alentejo, Trás-os-Montes , and Beiras are special regions with greater variations in temperature between summer and winter. Winters: Winters in the interior of Portugal are colder and harsher, with temperatures that can drop below 0°C in some regions, especially in the mountains or higher inland areas. Frosts are common and snow can fall in the higher areas. Summers: Summer in the interior is extremely hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 35°C, and can reach 40°C on the hottest days. Nights, however, tend to be cooler compared to the coastal area.On the islands, the climate is very special. Madeira: Madeira's climate is subtropical, with mild temperatures all year round. Temperatures vary between 15°C and 22°C in winter and 20°C to 28°C in summer. The island has a mild climate, with a good amount of rainfall throughout the year, especially in the mountainous areas. The vegetation is lush due to the humidity and mild temperatures. Azores: The climate in the Azores is temperate oceanic, with mild temperatures throughout the year. In winter, average temperatures are between 12°C and 17°C, while in summer they range from 18°C to 25°C. The Azores are known for their high rainfall, with frequent rains throughout the year, which results in very green and lush vegetation. Humidity is high, and the climate can be variable, with rapidly changing weather. <h3>Cost of Living</h3>Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, has become one of the most expensive cities in the world when analyzing the cost of living in relation to income. If your salary comes from another country, the cost of living can be totally different. The average price for renting a one-bedroom house in Lisbon can cost between 900€ and 1,300€ per month. A two-bedroom flat can cost between €1,300 and €2,000 per month. 3 or more bedrooms (in more central or good areas): rents can range from €2,000 to €3,500 or even more, depending on the location and condition of the property. For those interested in buying a one-bedroom flat, the price can range from €150,000 to €250,000, while a three-bedroom flat can range from €450,000 to €800,000 or more, especially in more central or prestigious areas. But as we often say, it's not all Lisbon and there are much more affordable cities. In Braga, for example, you can find a one-bedroom house for between 500 and 700 euros. Other cities include Coimbra, Viseu, Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira), Leiria, Évora, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Castelo Branco and Guarda. They have much lower living costs compared to Lisbon and Porto and are great alternatives with various services for society. <h3>Natural beauty</h3>Portugal is a country with a great diversity of landscapes: beaches, mountains, countryside, vineyards, and historic towns. Nature is accessible to those who want to go hiking, surfing, boating,g and much more. Whether you like the beach or nature, Portugal is the ideal destination for you. You can have the best of both worlds in just one country. <h3>Culture and History</h3>Portugal has a rich cultural and historical heritage. Cities like Lisbon, Porto, and Sintra offer an immersion in history, architecture, art, and cuisine. In addition, traditional festivals such as Fado and popular festivals are a highlight. But don't worry. The vast majority of cities and regions always have something to see, so wherever you go you'll always have something to see or get to know. <h3>Gastronomy</h3>Portugal ranked number 5 in the world's best gastronomy in 2025.Portuguese gastronomy is a reflection of Portugal's history, geography and cultural traditions, and is characterised by a great diversity of dishes and flavours. Influenced by Mediterranean cuisine, Portuguese cuisine is known for its use of fresh, seasonal ingredients such as fish, seafood, meat, vegetables, olive oil, spices and herbs. Portuguese gastronomy is extremely rich and varied, from fish to meat to soups and of course the deserts. <h3>Health system</h3>Health care in Portugal is guaranteed by the National Health Service (SNS), which was created in 1979 and is responsible for most of the country's medical and hospital care. All Portuguese citizens and legal residents have the right to healthcare, with controlled costs or free in many cases, depending on the situation. Portugal has public and private hospitals offering a range of specialised treatments and services, with the SNS covering hospital costs for the most part. There are health centers all over the country that offer basic healthcare, such as general and family medicine consultations, nursing services, and disease screening. According to Euro Health Consumer Index by Country 2025 Portugal is in 13th place.&nbsp; Although the SNS covers most healthcare, the private sector is also very present, with many Portuguese opting for private health insurance to access faster or more specific care. Around 3M people in Portugal have health insurance, which allows them to go private without having to pay the full amount.&nbsp; <h3>Some of the challenges facing the health system in Portugal:&nbsp;</h3>Lack of health professionals, especially doctors and nurses in some remote areas. Waiting times: Some patients, especially those who need appointments with specialists, can face long waiting times. Financial sustainability: The increase in the elderly population and the pressure on health services require continuous reforms in the financing and organization of health care. <h3>Education</h3>Education in Portugal is highly valued and has undergone several changes over the years, with the aim of modernising and aligning itself with the needs of the contemporary world. The Portuguese education system is public and “free” for citizens, which makes it accessible to a large part of the population. As well as having a public and private education system, depending on your tastes and wallet, Portugal has some well-known universities in Europe. The University of Coimbra is one of the oldest in Europe and in 2013 was recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Founded in Lisbon by King Dinis in 1290, it was definitively transferred to Coimbra in 1537, occupying the Paço Real buildings. The University of Lisbon comes 28th in the European ranking of the best universities.&nbsp; <h3>Fees and Taxes</h3>In Portugal we have a number of taxes and the main category ones are: Income Tax, Consumption Tax (Standard Rate: 23%, Intermediate Rate: 13% and Reduced Rate: 6%), Petroleum Products Tax, Property Tax, Special Consumption Tax, Administrative Fees, and Social Security Contributions. <h3>Ease of Retirement</h3>Portugal is a popular destination for retirees, mainly due to its pleasant climate, affordable cost of living, and tax benefits, such as exemptions for foreign retirees in some situations. <h3>Strategic Position</h3>Portugal is very well located for traveling, whether to explore the rest of Europe or to more distant destinations. Lisbon Airport, for example, has connections to practically every continent. As it is located in Europe, it is possible to travel very cheaply to other European countries.

What it's like to live in Portugal

Let’s be honest—disagreements at work are basically unavoidable. Different ideas, different styles, different ways of getting things done... it’s kind of the nature of working with other people. But what is avoidable is letting those disagreements turn into full-blown drama. And for English le

Let’s be honest—disagreements at work are basically unavoidable. Different ideas, different styles, different ways of getting things done... it’s kind of the nature of working with other people. But what is avoidable is letting those disagreements turn into full-blown drama. And for English learners, the challenge isn’t just what you say—it’s how you say it.That’s where things get a little tricky, right?Let’s talk about how to express disagreement, give feedback, and deal with conflict at work—in English—without sounding rude, cold, or like you’re starting a fight. <h3>So, what’s the big deal about disagreeing?</h3>You’d think saying “I don’t agree” would be simple. But tone, phrasing, and culture all play a huge role—especially in English-speaking workplaces where how you communicate can affect your relationships just as much as what you’re saying.And here's the thing: in many professional settings, being too direct can come across as aggressive—even if you didn’t mean it that way. So if you’re translating directly from your native language, that can lead to misunderstandings fast.Let’s say your coworker suggests using a software tool that you know doesn’t work well. You want to say “That’s a bad idea”—but maybe that sounds too harsh. So what do you say instead? <h3>“I see your point, but…”</h3>This little phrase is a game-changer.“I see your point, but…” is like a soft cushion for your disagreement. You’re saying, “Hey, I heard you—I respect that—but I’ve got a different take.” It keeps the door open for conversation instead of shutting it with a flat “no.”You could say:-“I see your point, but I think we might run into some issues with compatibility.”-“I totally get where you're coming from, but have you considered how that might affect the timeline?”Notice the difference? You’re not dismissing their idea—you’re adding a perspective. <h3>“Can we look at this from another angle?”</h3>This one’s a little sneakier, in the best way.Instead of disagreeing directly, you’re inviting curiosity. You’re basically saying, “Hey, let’s zoom out for a second.” It’s especially helpful in meetings where you don’t want to challenge someone in front of others—but you do want to question the direction.For example:-“Can we look at this from another angle? What happens if we hit that deadline early?”-“I’m just thinking out loud here, but could we approach this differently?”It keeps things collaborative, not confrontational. Plus, it shows that you’re thinking critically—huge plus in most workplaces. <h3>“I think we may have misunderstood each other.”</h3>Now this one? It’s a lifesaver when things start feeling tense. If you sense the conversation is getting emotional, or someone’s getting defensive, this phrase can pull things back into neutral.It also puts the responsibility on both people. You’re not blaming anyone; you’re saying, “Let’s reset.”Try something like:-“Sorry, I think we may have misunderstood each other—I wasn’t saying we shouldn’t do it, just that we might want to test it first.”-“Wait, I think something got lost there. I actually agree with your main idea—I was just questioning the budget part.”Tone of voice really matters here. Keep it calm, maybe even light. You’re not admitting fault; you’re just inviting clarity. <h3>Feedback: The delicate art of telling someone they messed up (nicely)</h3>Alright, let’s talk about feedback. Giving it. Getting it. Not freaking out about it.In many English-speaking workplaces—especially in the U.S., U.K., and parts of Canada—feedback is supposed to be constructive, not personal. Still, for learners, it can feel super awkward.You want to say, “This report was really disorganized”—but that could sound harsh or insulting. So what do you say?Here are a few softer ways to give feedback:-“One thing that might help is organizing the sections a bit more clearly.”-“It might be worth double-checking the numbers in that second graph—just to be sure.”-“You’ve got a solid start here. Maybe we can tighten up the intro a bit?”See how those sound more like suggestions than criticism? That’s the sweet spot.Also, when receiving feedback—try to treat it like a tool, not an attack. Easier said than done, but seriously, the ability to say “Thanks, I’ll take a look at that” instead of getting defensive? That’s professional gold. <h3>The emotional side of conflict: It’s not just about language</h3>Let’s not pretend this is just about grammar or phrasing. Conflict—especially at work—can feel personal. Maybe your idea got shot down. Maybe someone misunderstood you, and now things are awkward. That stuff sticks.And when you’re not communicating in your first language? That stress can double.So here’s a quick emotional check-in:-Breathe. Sounds obvious, but when emotions spike, so does your speech. Slowing down helps both your brain and your English.-Clarify. If you’re not sure what someone meant, ask. “Sorry, do you mean X or Y?” Simple, powerful.-Pause before reacting. Even a short “Let me think about that” gives you time to respond calmly.-Use empathy phrases. Things like “I understand why that might be frustrating” or “That makes sense” help reduce tension.Sometimes just showing that you're trying to understand is enough to change the tone of the whole conversation. <h3>Quick aside: Culture matters—a lot</h3>One last thing. Work culture around conflict changes from place to place. In some countries, disagreement is expected and even encouraged—debating ideas is seen as healthy. In others, people may avoid conflict entirely, even if they strongly disagree.So if you're working in an international environment (or just adjusting to a new culture), don't beat yourself up if things feel awkward at first. You'll learn the rhythm over time. And hey—just being aware of that is already a huge step forward. <h3>Wrapping up: Keep it human</h3>Disagreeing at work doesn’t have to be scary. It’s just part of being human—and part of being a team. The trick is learning to communicate with clarity and kindness.So next time you're stuck in a meeting, unsure how to express your opinion, remember:-You can disagree and still be respectful.Phrases like “I see your point, but…” or “Can we look at this another way?” can open doors instead of closing them.-Feedback doesn’t have to hurt—and receiving it doesn’t mean you failed.-And no, you don’t have to be perfect. Just thoughtful.Because really, good communication isn’t just about language. It’s about connection. And that? That’s something we’re all still working on.

Conflict at Work: How to Handle Disagreements in English

Hi there!! Hope you're doing well. I don't know which one would be correct in this context or  there may be another best way to put it. Thanks in advance 
 That smell takes me back to my childhood 
 That smell brings me back to my childhood

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Could anybody explain why in the following sentence there is the indefinite article before the expression “dark 12 months”? “Months” are in the plural form, why is the indefinite article here?

“His appointment comes after a dark 12 months for Starbucks, which has seen it lose out to rivals such as Dunking’ Donuts.”

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