These phrases are all correct, but can have slightly different nuances, but in many contexts, they might be used interchangeably. Let's break down each one:
A mobile phone for December 2023:
This suggests the phone is intended to be used during the month of December 2023. It might imply a specific purpose or a limited time of use.
A mobile phone in December 2023:
This could mean that the phone is present or available during the month of December 2023. It's a more general statement about the phone's existence in that time frame.
A mobile phone for the month of December 2023:
This is similar to the first phrase but explicitly mentions the entire month. It reinforces that the phone is meant for use throughout December 2023.
A mobile phone in the month of December 2023:
Similar to the second phrase, this indicates the phone's presence or availability during the month of December 2023.