These are all words with similar meanings although they have some nuanced differences when it comes to collocations and connotation. In your example all of them would work. 'dangerous' is the most common and versatile word 'hazardous' often collocates with conditions, substances, waste, etc. 'precarious' is usually used to refer to something being placed in a way in which it is not stable/safe, but it could also be used to refer to a situation that is likely to get worse. 'treacherous' often refers to extremely dangerous weather conditions. Hope this helps-- let me know if you need more examples