Pedagogical Technology: "Pedagogical technology" refers to the application of pedagogical principles and methods using technology as an integral part of the instructional process. It focuses on how technology is used to design and deliver effective teaching and learning experiences. Pedagogical technology involves utilizing educational theories and strategies in conjunction with digital tools to optimize language learning outcomes. Here are some examples from the methodological literature: Blended learning: This approach combines face-to-face instruction with online components, allowing learners to engage in both classroom activities and online exercises, discussions, or multimedia content. Computer-assisted language learning (CALL): This field explores how computers and technology can enhance language learning. CALL incorporates computer-based exercises, simulations, and interactive multimedia to provide personalized and adaptive learning experiences. Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL): MALL focuses on utilizing mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets, to support language learning anytime and anywhere. It includes mobile apps, podcasts, language games, and communication tools. While the terms "teaching technology" and "pedagogical technology" can overlap, the former typically emphasizes the physical tools and resources, while the latter highlights the integration of technology into instructional design and pedagogical practices.

While the terms "teaching technology" and "pedagogical technology" can overlap, the former typically emphasizes the physical tools and resources, while the latter highlights the integration of technology into instructional design and pedagogical practices.

Teaching Technology: "Teaching technology" typically refers to the tools, equipment, or resources that teachers use to facilitate the learning process. These can include both traditional and modern technologies, such as whiteboards, projectors, audio-visual materials, computer software, and online platforms. The focus here is on the physical or digital tools that support instruction and enhance student engagement. Examples of teaching technology in foreign language teaching could include: Interactive whiteboards: These digital devices allow teachers to display and manipulate content, play videos, use interactive language learning software, and engage students in collaborative activities.