TPO-32 Integrated Writing Both of the passage and lecture discuss origin of quackers. The passage raises three hypothesis, which is against by the speaker respectively. The first theory suggests quackers come from courtship rituals of ocra whales. However, the lecture says it is possible but unlikely. Although ocra whales inhabit in that area, they usually stay near the surface of water. On the contrary, Russian submarines patrolled in relative deep water, so that sounds of the whales could not be heard. Furthermore, if the whales was near the submarines, they could be detected by the sonar. Second, squid hypothesis which is mentioned by the passage could be a better choice. Nonetheless, the lecture disagrees it for the reason that the sounds had been picked up occasionally for two decades from 1960s to 1980s but totally disappeared by 1980s. It is unreasonable that squids suddenly stop making noise by then. Therefore, this theory cannot hold up, either. At last, the passage suggests that this stray sounds were from some military technology such as another country’s submarines. This saying is also not convincing, for even nowadays there is no submarines can move and change their directions so quickly, so not to mention before about half a century ago.